Average Error: 34.1 → 17.6
Time: 16.9s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a}\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \le 1.2612246360442721 \cdot 10^{-22}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\frac{2 \cdot a}{\sqrt{(\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{-\frac{b}{c}}\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus a

Bits error versus b

Bits error versus c

Target

Original34.1
Target21.5
Herbie17.6
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \lt 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{a \cdot \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a}}\\ \end{array}\]

Derivation

  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if b < 1.2612246360442721e-22

    1. Initial program 23.2

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a}\]
    2. Simplified23.2

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot -4 + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b}{2 \cdot a}}\]
    3. Taylor expanded around -inf 23.2

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{{b}^{2} - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}} - b}{2 \cdot a}\]
    4. Simplified23.2

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}} - b}{2 \cdot a}\]
    5. Using strategy rm
    6. Applied *-un-lft-identity23.2

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \left(\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b\right)}}{2 \cdot a}\]
    7. Applied associate-/l*23.3

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{2 \cdot a}{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b}}}\]

    if 1.2612246360442721e-22 < b

    1. Initial program 54.5

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a}\]
    2. Simplified54.5

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot -4 + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b}{2 \cdot a}}\]
    3. Taylor expanded around -inf 54.5

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{{b}^{2} - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}} - b}{2 \cdot a}\]
    4. Simplified54.5

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}} - b}{2 \cdot a}\]
    5. Using strategy rm
    6. Applied *-un-lft-identity54.5

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \left(\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b\right)}}{2 \cdot a}\]
    7. Applied associate-/l*54.5

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{2 \cdot a}{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b}}}\]
    8. Taylor expanded around 0 7.2

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{b}{c}}}\]
    9. Simplified7.2

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{-b}{c}}}\]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification17.6

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \le 1.2612246360442721 \cdot 10^{-22}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\frac{2 \cdot a}{\sqrt{(\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{-\frac{b}{c}}\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019007 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (a b c)
  :name "quadp (p42, positive)"

  :herbie-target
  (if (< b 0) (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* 4 (* a c))))) (* 2 a)) (/ c (* a (/ (- (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* 4 (* a c))))) (* 2 a)))))

  (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* 4 (* a c))))) (* 2 a)))

Details

Time bar (total: 15.4s)Debug log

sample161.0ms

Algorithm
intervals

simplify63.0ms

Counts
1 → 1
Calls

1 calls. Slowest were:

63.0ms
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* 4 (* a c))))) (* 2 a))

prune13.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 34.1b

localize51.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

24.1b
(sqrt (fma (* a c) -4 (* b b)))
1.5b
(- (sqrt (fma (* a c) -4 (* b b))) b)
1.2b
(fma (* a c) -4 (* b b))
0.1b
(/ (- (sqrt (fma (* a c) -4 (* b b))) b) (* 2 a))

rewrite34.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 67
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

20.0ms
(/ (- (sqrt (fma (* a c) -4 (* b b))) b) (* 2 a))
10.0ms
(- (sqrt (fma (* a c) -4 (* b b))) b)
2.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a c) -4 (* b b)))

series257.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

93.0ms
(/ (- (sqrt (fma (* a c) -4 (* b b))) b) (* 2 a))
60.0ms
(- (sqrt (fma (* a c) -4 (* b b))) b)
56.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a c) -4 (* b b)))
48.0ms
(fma (* a c) -4 (* b b))

simplify1.3s

Counts
34 → 79
Calls

34 calls. Slowest were:

674.0ms
(- (* (sqrt (fma (* a c) -4 (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a c) -4 (* b b)))) (* b b))
115.0ms
(- (pow (sqrt (fma (* a c) -4 (* b b))) 3) (pow b 3))
72.0ms
(- (log (- (sqrt (fma (* a c) -4 (* b b))) b)) (log (* 2 a)))

prune1.0s

Pruning

13 alts after pruning (13 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 24.8b

localize29.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

24.1b
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))
1.5b
(- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
0.1b
(/ (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b) (* 2 a))
0.0b
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))

rewrite33.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 67
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

20.0ms
(/ (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b) (* 2 a))
10.0ms
(- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
2.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

series289.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

114.0ms
(/ (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b) (* 2 a))
70.0ms
(- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
68.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))
36.0ms
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))

simplify1.3s

Counts
34 → 79
Calls

34 calls. Slowest were:

647.0ms
(- (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (* b b))
102.0ms
(/ (* (* (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b) (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)) (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)) (* (* (* 2 a) (* 2 a)) (* 2 a)))
97.0ms
(- (pow (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) 3) (pow b 3))

prune911.0ms

Pruning

12 alts after pruning (12 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 24.8b

localize6.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

24.1b
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))
1.5b
(- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
0.1b
(/ 1 (/ (* 2 a) (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))
0.1b
(/ (* 2 a) (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))

rewrite27.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 82
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

16.0ms
(/ (* 2 a) (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
5.0ms
(- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
4.0ms
(/ 1 (/ (* 2 a) (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))

series374.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

144.0ms
(/ (* 2 a) (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
93.0ms
(/ 1 (/ (* 2 a) (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))
73.0ms
(- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
64.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

simplify1.5s

Counts
45 → 94
Calls

45 calls. Slowest were:

574.0ms
(/ (* (* (* 2 a) (* 2 a)) (* 2 a)) (* (* (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b) (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)) (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))
87.0ms
(+ (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (+ (* b b) (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))
77.0ms
(+ (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (+ (* b b) (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))

prune1.1s

Pruning

11 alts after pruning (10 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 13.6b

localize9.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

24.1b
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))
24.1b
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))
1.5b
(- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
1.5b
(- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)

rewrite12.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 66
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

5.0ms
(- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
5.0ms
(- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
1.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

series242.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

74.0ms
(- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
71.0ms
(- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
52.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))
44.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

simplify239.0ms

Counts
30 → 78
Calls

30 calls. Slowest were:

27.0ms
(sqrt (* (cbrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (cbrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))))
25.0ms
(sqrt (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))))
25.0ms
(sqrt (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))))

prune1.1s

Pruning

11 alts after pruning (9 fresh and 2 done)

Merged error: 13.6b

regimes383.0ms

Accuracy

78.7% (4.5b remaining)

Error of 17.6b against oracle of 13.2b and baseline of 34.2b

bsearch130.0ms

end0.0ms

sample4.8s

Algorithm
intervals