Average Error: 31.7 → 8.4
Time: 1.8m
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)}\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \le -3.749885792022108 \cdot 10^{-42} \lor \neg \left(t \le 8.547809913093965 \cdot 10^{-23}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(\tan k \cdot \left(\left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot t\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left({\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2} + 1\right) + 1\right)}{\frac{\ell}{t}}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\cos k}{\sin k}} \cdot \left(\frac{2 \cdot t}{\frac{\ell}{t}} + \frac{k \cdot k}{\ell}\right)}{\frac{\ell}{t}}}\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus t

Bits error versus l

Bits error versus k

Try it out

Your Program's Arguments

Results

Enter valid numbers for all inputs

Derivation

  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if t < -3.749885792022108e-42 or 8.547809913093965e-23 < t

    1. Initial program 22.2

      \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)}\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied unpow322.2

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot t\right) \cdot t}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)}\]
    4. Applied times-frac15.8

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{t \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)}\]
    5. Applied associate-*l*13.9

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{t \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right)} \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)}\]
    6. Using strategy rm
    7. Applied associate-/l*7.9

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\color{blue}{\frac{t}{\frac{\ell}{t}}} \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)}\]
    8. Using strategy rm
    9. Applied associate-*l/6.7

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\color{blue}{\frac{t \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)}{\frac{\ell}{t}}} \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)}\]
    10. Applied associate-*l/4.3

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(t \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right) \cdot \tan k}{\frac{\ell}{t}}} \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)}\]
    11. Applied associate-*l/3.7

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)}{\frac{\ell}{t}}}}\]
    12. Using strategy rm
    13. Applied *-commutative3.7

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\tan k \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)}{\frac{\ell}{t}}}\]

    if -3.749885792022108e-42 < t < 8.547809913093965e-23

    1. Initial program 51.4

      \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)}\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied unpow351.4

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot t\right) \cdot t}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)}\]
    4. Applied times-frac43.5

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{t \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)}\]
    5. Applied associate-*l*42.7

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{t \cdot t}{\ell} \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right)} \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)}\]
    6. Using strategy rm
    7. Applied associate-/l*36.7

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\color{blue}{\frac{t}{\frac{\ell}{t}}} \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)}\]
    8. Using strategy rm
    9. Applied associate-*l/36.7

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\color{blue}{\frac{t \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)}{\frac{\ell}{t}}} \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)}\]
    10. Applied associate-*l/38.2

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(t \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right) \cdot \tan k}{\frac{\ell}{t}}} \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)}\]
    11. Applied associate-*l/34.5

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)}{\frac{\ell}{t}}}}\]
    12. Taylor expanded around -inf 21.5

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\sin k\right)}^{2} \cdot {k}^{2}}{\cos k \cdot \ell} + 2 \cdot \frac{{t}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sin k\right)}^{2}}{\ell \cdot \cos k}}}{\frac{\ell}{t}}}\]
    13. Simplified18.2

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{2 \cdot t}{\frac{\ell}{t}} + \frac{k \cdot k}{\ell}\right) \cdot \frac{\sin k}{\frac{\cos k}{\sin k}}}}{\frac{\ell}{t}}}\]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification8.4

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \le -3.749885792022108 \cdot 10^{-42} \lor \neg \left(t \le 8.547809913093965 \cdot 10^{-23}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(\tan k \cdot \left(\left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot t\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left({\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2} + 1\right) + 1\right)}{\frac{\ell}{t}}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\cos k}{\sin k}} \cdot \left(\frac{2 \cdot t}{\frac{\ell}{t}} + \frac{k \cdot k}{\ell}\right)}{\frac{\ell}{t}}}\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019007 
(FPCore (t l k)
  :name "Toniolo and Linder, Equation (10+)"
  (/ 2 (* (* (* (/ (pow t 3) (* l l)) (sin k)) (tan k)) (+ (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2)) 1))))

Details

Time bar (total: 1.7m)Debug log

sample473.0ms

Algorithm
intervals

simplify538.0ms

Counts
1 → 1
Calls

1 calls. Slowest were:

538.0ms
(/ 2 (* (* (* (/ (pow t 3) (* l l)) (sin k)) (tan k)) (+ (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2)) 1)))

prune19.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 31.9b

localize58.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

16.1b
(/ (pow t 3) (* l l))
14.4b
(* (* (* (/ (pow t 3) (* l l)) (sin k)) (tan k)) (+ (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2)) 1))
2.9b
(* (* (/ (pow t 3) (* l l)) (sin k)) (tan k))
1.7b
(* (/ (pow t 3) (* l l)) (sin k))

rewrite114.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 112
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

75.0ms
(* (* (* (/ (pow t 3) (* l l)) (sin k)) (tan k)) (+ (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2)) 1))
23.0ms
(* (* (/ (pow t 3) (* l l)) (sin k)) (tan k))
10.0ms
(* (/ (pow t 3) (* l l)) (sin k))

series642.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

326.0ms
(* (* (* (/ (pow t 3) (* l l)) (sin k)) (tan k)) (+ (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2)) 1))
210.0ms
(* (* (/ (pow t 3) (* l l)) (sin k)) (tan k))
84.0ms
(* (/ (pow t 3) (* l l)) (sin k))
21.0ms
(/ (pow t 3) (* l l))

simplify14.8s

Counts
98 → 124
Calls

98 calls. Slowest were:

676.0ms
(- (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2)) 1)
644.0ms
(* (* l l) (+ (* (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2)) (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2))) (- (* 1 1) (* (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2)) 1))))
639.0ms
(* (cos k) (+ (* (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2)) (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2))) (- (* 1 1) (* (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2)) 1))))

prune2.1s

Pruning

12 alts after pruning (12 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 16.2b

localize38.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

14.4b
(* (* (* (/ (* t t) l) (* (/ t l) (sin k))) (tan k)) (+ (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2)) 1))
8.0b
(/ (* t t) l)
2.9b
(* (* (/ (* t t) l) (* (/ t l) (sin k))) (tan k))
2.8b
(* (/ t l) (sin k))

rewrite104.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 107
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

68.0ms
(* (* (* (/ (* t t) l) (* (/ t l) (sin k))) (tan k)) (+ (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2)) 1))
27.0ms
(* (* (/ (* t t) l) (* (/ t l) (sin k))) (tan k))
4.0ms
(/ (* t t) l)

series595.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

320.0ms
(* (* (* (/ (* t t) l) (* (/ t l) (sin k))) (tan k)) (+ (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2)) 1))
188.0ms
(* (* (/ (* t t) l) (* (/ t l) (sin k))) (tan k))
71.0ms
(* (/ t l) (sin k))
16.0ms
(/ (* t t) l)

simplify20.4s

Counts
99 → 119
Calls

99 calls. Slowest were:

672.0ms
(* (* l (cos k)) (+ (* (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2)) (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2))) (- (* 1 1) (* (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2)) 1))))
650.0ms
(* (* l l) (+ (* (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2)) (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2))) (- (* 1 1) (* (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2)) 1))))
629.0ms
(* (cos k) (+ (* (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2)) (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2))) (- (* 1 1) (* (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2)) 1))))

prune2.0s

Pruning

13 alts after pruning (13 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 10.0b

localize32.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

14.4b
(* (* (* (/ t (/ l t)) (* (/ t l) (sin k))) (tan k)) (+ (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2)) 1))
2.9b
(* (* (/ t (/ l t)) (* (/ t l) (sin k))) (tan k))
2.8b
(* (/ t l) (sin k))
0.8b
(* (/ t (/ l t)) (* (/ t l) (sin k)))

rewrite128.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 119
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

83.0ms
(* (* (* (/ t (/ l t)) (* (/ t l) (sin k))) (tan k)) (+ (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2)) 1))
21.0ms
(* (* (/ t (/ l t)) (* (/ t l) (sin k))) (tan k))
17.0ms
(* (/ t (/ l t)) (* (/ t l) (sin k)))

series683.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

358.0ms
(* (* (* (/ t (/ l t)) (* (/ t l) (sin k))) (tan k)) (+ (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2)) 1))
171.0ms
(* (* (/ t (/ l t)) (* (/ t l) (sin k))) (tan k))
83.0ms
(* (/ t (/ l t)) (* (/ t l) (sin k)))
71.0ms
(* (/ t l) (sin k))

simplify22.2s

Counts
112 → 131
Calls

112 calls. Slowest were:

804.0ms
(* (/ l t) (- (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2)) 1))
667.0ms
(* (* (* t (* t (sin k))) (tan k)) (+ (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2)) 1))
649.0ms
(* (/ l t) (+ (* (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2)) (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2))) (- (* 1 1) (* (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2)) 1))))

prune2.1s

Pruning

13 alts after pruning (13 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 7.8b

localize28.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

10.9b
(* (* (* t (* (/ t l) (sin k))) (tan k)) (+ (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2)) 1))
7.8b
(/ (* (* (* t (* (/ t l) (sin k))) (tan k)) (+ (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2)) 1)) (/ l t))
2.8b
(* (/ t l) (sin k))
2.1b
(* (* t (* (/ t l) (sin k))) (tan k))

rewrite130.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 105
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

54.0ms
(* (* (* t (* (/ t l) (sin k))) (tan k)) (+ (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2)) 1))
48.0ms
(/ (* (* (* t (* (/ t l) (sin k))) (tan k)) (+ (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2)) 1)) (/ l t))
18.0ms
(* (* t (* (/ t l) (sin k))) (tan k))

series1.0s

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

439.0ms
(* (* (* t (* (/ t l) (sin k))) (tan k)) (+ (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2)) 1))
339.0ms
(/ (* (* (* t (* (/ t l) (sin k))) (tan k)) (+ (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2)) 1)) (/ l t))
172.0ms
(* (* t (* (/ t l) (sin k))) (tan k))
81.0ms
(* (/ t l) (sin k))

simplify17.1s

Counts
90 → 117
Calls

90 calls. Slowest were:

732.0ms
(* (* (* t (* t (sin k))) (tan k)) (+ (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2)) 1))
712.0ms
(* (* (* t (* t (sin k))) (sin k)) (+ (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2)) 1))
674.0ms
(* (* (* t (* t (sin k))) (tan k)) (+ (+ 1 (pow (/ k t) 2)) 1))

prune1.7s

Pruning

13 alts after pruning (13 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 6.4b

regimes441.0ms

Accuracy

74.8% (1.8b remaining)

Error of 8.4b against oracle of 6.6b and baseline of 13.7b

bsearch1.5s

end0.0ms

sample15.2s

Algorithm
intervals