Average Error: 37.0 → 0.4
Time: 35.8s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x\]
\[\frac{\sin x \cdot \left(\left(\cos x \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)}{\left(\cos x \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon}\right)\right) \cdot \cos x} + \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon}\right)}\]

Error

Bits error versus x

Bits error versus eps

Try it out

Your Program's Arguments

Results

Enter valid numbers for all inputs

Target

Original37.0
Target15.1
Herbie0.4
\[\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}\]

Derivation

  1. Initial program 37.0

    \[\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x\]
  2. Using strategy rm
  3. Applied tan-sum21.8

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}} - \tan x\]
  4. Taylor expanded around inf 21.9

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon}\right)} + \frac{\sin x}{\cos x \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon}\right)}\right) - \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}\]
  5. Using strategy rm
  6. Applied associate--l+13.0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon}\right)} + \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon}\right)} - \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)}\]
  7. Using strategy rm
  8. Applied frac-sub13.0

    \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon}\right)} + \color{blue}{\frac{\sin x \cdot \cos x - \left(\cos x \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon}\right)\right) \cdot \sin x}{\left(\cos x \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon}\right)\right) \cdot \cos x}}\]
  9. Simplified0.4

    \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon}\right)} + \frac{\color{blue}{\sin x \cdot \left(0 - \left(-\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \cos x\right)\right)}}{\left(\cos x \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon}\right)\right) \cdot \cos x}\]
  10. Final simplification0.4

    \[\leadsto \frac{\sin x \cdot \left(\left(\cos x \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)}{\left(\cos x \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon}\right)\right) \cdot \cos x} + \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos x \cdot \cos \varepsilon}\right)}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019007 
(FPCore (x eps)
  :name "2tan (problem 3.3.2)"

  :herbie-target
  (/ (sin eps) (* (cos x) (cos (+ x eps))))

  (- (tan (+ x eps)) (tan x)))

Details

Time bar (total: 35.1s)Debug log

sample467.0ms

Algorithm
intervals

simplify4.0ms

Counts
1 → 1
Calls

1 calls. Slowest were:

4.0ms
(- (tan (+ x eps)) (tan x))

prune10.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 36.2b

localize68.0ms

Local error

Found 2 expressions with local error:

4.6b
(tan (+ x eps))
1.2b
(- (tan (+ x eps)) (tan x))

rewrite11.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
2 → 25
Calls

2 calls. Slowest were:

7.0ms
(- (tan (+ x eps)) (tan x))
3.0ms
(tan (+ x eps))

series182.0ms

Counts
2 → 6
Calls

2 calls. Slowest were:

135.0ms
(- (tan (+ x eps)) (tan x))
47.0ms
(tan (+ x eps))

simplify555.0ms

Counts
15 → 31
Calls

15 calls. Slowest were:

208.0ms
(- (* (+ (tan x) (tan eps)) (cos x)) (* (- 1 (* (tan x) (tan eps))) (sin x)))
144.0ms
(+ (* x (pow eps 2)) (+ eps (* (pow x 2) eps)))
84.0ms
(* (- 1 (* (tan x) (tan eps))) (cos x))

prune340.0ms

Pruning

7 alts after pruning (7 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 14.9b

localize35.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

2.9b
(- (/ (+ (tan x) (tan eps)) (- 1 (* (tan x) (tan eps)))) (tan x))
0.2b
(* (tan x) (tan eps))
0.1b
(/ (+ (tan x) (tan eps)) (- 1 (* (tan x) (tan eps))))
0.1b
(+ (tan x) (tan eps))

rewrite60.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 85
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

33.0ms
(- (/ (+ (tan x) (tan eps)) (- 1 (* (tan x) (tan eps)))) (tan x))
16.0ms
(/ (+ (tan x) (tan eps)) (- 1 (* (tan x) (tan eps))))
6.0ms
(* (tan x) (tan eps))

series787.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

393.0ms
(- (/ (+ (tan x) (tan eps)) (- 1 (* (tan x) (tan eps)))) (tan x))
202.0ms
(/ (+ (tan x) (tan eps)) (- 1 (* (tan x) (tan eps))))
101.0ms
(+ (tan x) (tan eps))
91.0ms
(* (tan x) (tan eps))

simplify2.6s

Counts
72 → 97
Calls

72 calls. Slowest were:

256.0ms
(/ (* (* (+ (tan x) (tan eps)) (+ (tan x) (tan eps))) (+ (tan x) (tan eps))) (* (* (- 1 (* (tan x) (tan eps))) (- 1 (* (tan x) (tan eps)))) (- 1 (* (tan x) (tan eps)))))
254.0ms
(+ (* 1/3 (* (pow x 3) eps)) (+ (* 1/3 (* x (pow eps 3))) (* x eps)))
248.0ms
(- (+ (/ (sin eps) (* (cos eps) (- 1 (/ (* (sin x) (sin eps)) (* (cos x) (cos eps)))))) (/ (sin x) (* (cos x) (- 1 (/ (* (sin x) (sin eps)) (* (cos x) (cos eps))))))) (/ (sin x) (cos x)))

prune1.3s

Pruning

16 alts after pruning (16 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 14.8b

localize64.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

2.9b
(- (+ (/ (sin eps) (* (cos eps) (- 1 (/ (* (sin x) (sin eps)) (* (cos x) (cos eps)))))) (/ (sin x) (* (cos x) (- 1 (/ (* (sin x) (sin eps)) (* (cos x) (cos eps))))))) (/ (sin x) (cos x)))
0.2b
(/ (* (sin x) (sin eps)) (* (cos x) (cos eps)))
0.2b
(/ (* (sin x) (sin eps)) (* (cos x) (cos eps)))
0.2b
(* (sin x) (sin eps))

rewrite200.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 85
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

167.0ms
(- (+ (/ (sin eps) (* (cos eps) (- 1 (/ (* (sin x) (sin eps)) (* (cos x) (cos eps)))))) (/ (sin x) (* (cos x) (- 1 (/ (* (sin x) (sin eps)) (* (cos x) (cos eps))))))) (/ (sin x) (cos x)))
16.0ms
(/ (* (sin x) (sin eps)) (* (cos x) (cos eps)))
11.0ms
(/ (* (sin x) (sin eps)) (* (cos x) (cos eps)))

series732.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

443.0ms
(- (+ (/ (sin eps) (* (cos eps) (- 1 (/ (* (sin x) (sin eps)) (* (cos x) (cos eps)))))) (/ (sin x) (* (cos x) (- 1 (/ (* (sin x) (sin eps)) (* (cos x) (cos eps))))))) (/ (sin x) (cos x)))
119.0ms
(/ (* (sin x) (sin eps)) (* (cos x) (cos eps)))
110.0ms
(/ (* (sin x) (sin eps)) (* (cos x) (cos eps)))
60.0ms
(* (sin x) (sin eps))

simplify7.5s

Counts
62 → 97
Calls

62 calls. Slowest were:

323.0ms
(+ (* 1/3 (* (pow x 3) eps)) (+ (* 1/3 (* x (pow eps 3))) (* x eps)))
322.0ms
(/ (exp (+ (/ (sin eps) (* (cos eps) (- 1 (/ (* (sin x) (sin eps)) (* (cos x) (cos eps)))))) (/ (sin x) (* (cos x) (- 1 (/ (* (sin x) (sin eps)) (* (cos x) (cos eps)))))))) (exp (/ (sin x) (cos x))))
300.0ms
(- (+ (/ (sin eps) (* (cos eps) (- 1 (/ (* (sin x) (sin eps)) (* (cos x) (cos eps)))))) (/ (sin x) (* (cos x) (- 1 (/ (* (sin x) (sin eps)) (* (cos x) (cos eps))))))) (/ (sin x) (cos x)))

prune1.8s

Pruning

11 alts after pruning (11 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 12.9b

localize9.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

4.5b
(- (/ (sin x) (* (cos x) (- 1 (/ (* (sin x) (sin eps)) (* (cos x) (cos eps)))))) (/ (sin x) (cos x)))
0.2b
(/ (* (sin x) (sin eps)) (* (cos x) (cos eps)))
0.2b
(/ (* (sin x) (sin eps)) (* (cos x) (cos eps)))
0.2b
(* (sin x) (sin eps))

rewrite70.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 81
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

29.0ms
(- (/ (sin x) (* (cos x) (- 1 (/ (* (sin x) (sin eps)) (* (cos x) (cos eps)))))) (/ (sin x) (cos x)))
16.0ms
(/ (* (sin x) (sin eps)) (* (cos x) (cos eps)))
16.0ms
(/ (* (sin x) (sin eps)) (* (cos x) (cos eps)))

series558.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

294.0ms
(- (/ (sin x) (* (cos x) (- 1 (/ (* (sin x) (sin eps)) (* (cos x) (cos eps)))))) (/ (sin x) (cos x)))
119.0ms
(/ (* (sin x) (sin eps)) (* (cos x) (cos eps)))
101.0ms
(/ (* (sin x) (sin eps)) (* (cos x) (cos eps)))
44.0ms
(* (sin x) (sin eps))

simplify5.5s

Counts
57 → 93
Calls

57 calls. Slowest were:

295.0ms
(+ (* 1/3 (* (pow x 3) eps)) (+ (* 1/3 (* x (pow eps 3))) (* x eps)))
276.0ms
(/ (* (* (* (sin x) (sin x)) (sin x)) (* (* (sin eps) (sin eps)) (sin eps))) (* (* (* (cos x) (cos x)) (cos x)) (* (* (cos eps) (cos eps)) (cos eps))))
271.0ms
(/ (* (* (* (sin x) (sin x)) (sin x)) (* (* (sin eps) (sin eps)) (sin eps))) (* (* (* (cos x) (cos eps)) (* (cos x) (cos eps))) (* (cos x) (cos eps))))

prune1.4s

Pruning

7 alts after pruning (7 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0.1b

regimes108.0ms

Accuracy

0% (0.2b remaining)

Error of 0.4b against oracle of 0.2b and baseline of 0.4b

bsearch21.0ms

end0.0ms

sample10.7s

Algorithm
intervals