Average Error: 63.0 → 0
Time: 13.1s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\left(\left(n + 1\right) \cdot \log \left(n + 1\right) - n \cdot \log n\right) - 1\]
\[\frac{\frac{-1}{6}}{n \cdot n} + \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{n} + \log n\right)\]

Error

Bits error versus n

Try it out

Your Program's Arguments

Results

Enter valid numbers for all inputs

Target

Original63.0
Target0
Herbie0
\[\log \left(n + 1\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot n} - \left(\frac{1}{3 \cdot \left(n \cdot n\right)} - \frac{4}{{n}^{3}}\right)\right)\]

Derivation

  1. Initial program 63.0

    \[\left(\left(n + 1\right) \cdot \log \left(n + 1\right) - n \cdot \log n\right) - 1\]
  2. Taylor expanded around inf 0.0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{n}\right) - \left(\frac{1}{6} \cdot \frac{1}{{n}^{2}} + \log \left(\frac{1}{n}\right)\right)\right)} - 1\]
  3. Simplified0.0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(1 + \log n\right) + \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{n} - \frac{\frac{1}{6}}{n \cdot n}\right)\right)} - 1\]
  4. Taylor expanded around -inf 62.0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log -1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{n}\right) - \left(\frac{1}{6} \cdot \frac{1}{{n}^{2}} + \log \left(\frac{-1}{n}\right)\right)}\]
  5. Simplified0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-1}{6}}{n \cdot n} + \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{n} + \log n\right)}\]
  6. Final simplification0

    \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1}{6}}{n \cdot n} + \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{n} + \log n\right)\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019007 
(FPCore (n)
  :name "logs (example 3.8)"
  :pre (> n 6.8e+15)

  :herbie-target
  (- (log (+ n 1)) (- (/ 1 (* 2 n)) (- (/ 1 (* 3 (* n n))) (/ 4 (pow n 3)))))

  (- (- (* (+ n 1) (log (+ n 1))) (* n (log n))) 1))

Details

Time bar (total: 12.8s)Debug log

sample198.0ms

Algorithm
intervals

simplify231.0ms

Counts
1 → 1
Calls

1 calls. Slowest were:

231.0ms
(- (- (* (+ n 1) (log (+ n 1))) (* n (log n))) 1)

prune5.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 63.0b

localize20.0ms

Local error

Found 3 expressions with local error:

4.6b
(- (* (+ n 1) (log (+ n 1))) (* n (log n)))
0.2b
(* (+ n 1) (log (+ n 1)))
0.2b
(* n (log n))

rewrite23.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
3 → 55
Calls

3 calls. Slowest were:

17.0ms
(- (* (+ n 1) (log (+ n 1))) (* n (log n)))
4.0ms
(* (+ n 1) (log (+ n 1)))
1.0ms
(* n (log n))

series342.0ms

Counts
3 → 9
Calls

3 calls. Slowest were:

190.0ms
(* n (log n))
121.0ms
(- (* (+ n 1) (log (+ n 1))) (* n (log n)))
30.0ms
(* (+ n 1) (log (+ n 1)))

simplify3.6s

Counts
36 → 64
Calls

36 calls. Slowest were:

663.0ms
(- (+ 1 (* 1/2 (/ 1 n))) (+ (* n (log (/ 1 n))) (log (/ 1 n))))
435.0ms
(- (+ (* n (log -1)) (+ 1 (+ (log -1) (* 1/2 (/ 1 n))))) (+ (* n (log (/ -1 n))) (log (/ -1 n))))
375.0ms
(- (+ 1 (* 1/2 (/ 1 n))) (+ (* 1/6 (/ 1 (pow n 2))) (log (/ 1 n))))

prune542.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0.0b

localize27.0ms

Local error

Found 3 expressions with local error:

0.8b
(/ 1/6 (* n n))
0.0b
(+ 1 (log n))
0.0b
(- (+ (+ 1 (log n)) (- (/ 1/2 n) (/ 1/6 (* n n)))) 1)

rewrite111.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
3 → 35
Calls

3 calls. Slowest were:

108.0ms
(- (+ (+ 1 (log n)) (- (/ 1/2 n) (/ 1/6 (* n n)))) 1)
1.0ms
(+ 1 (log n))
1.0ms
(/ 1/6 (* n n))

series227.0ms

Counts
3 → 9
Calls

3 calls. Slowest were:

184.0ms
(+ 1 (log n))
30.0ms
(- (+ (+ 1 (log n)) (- (/ 1/2 n) (/ 1/6 (* n n)))) 1)
12.0ms
(/ 1/6 (* n n))

simplify766.0ms

Counts
12 → 44
Calls

12 calls. Slowest were:

299.0ms
(- (+ (log -1) (* 1/2 (/ 1 n))) (+ (* 1/6 (/ 1 (pow n 2))) (log (/ -1 n))))
135.0ms
(+ (sqrt (+ (+ 1 (log n)) (- (/ 1/2 n) (/ 1/6 (* n n))))) 1)
129.0ms
(- (* 1/2 (/ 1 n)) (+ (* 1/6 (/ 1 (pow n 2))) (log (/ 1 n))))

prune435.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0b

localize8.0ms

Local error

Found 1 expressions with local error:

0.8b
(/ -1/6 (* n n))

rewrite1.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
1 → 11
Calls

1 calls. Slowest were:

0.0ms
(/ -1/6 (* n n))

series18.0ms

Counts
1 → 3
Calls

1 calls. Slowest were:

17.0ms
(/ -1/6 (* n n))

simplify15.0ms

Counts
3 → 14
Calls

3 calls. Slowest were:

6.0ms
(/ -1/6 (pow n 2))
4.0ms
(/ -1/6 (pow n 2))
3.0ms
(/ -1/6 (pow n 2))

prune133.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (0 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 0b

end0.0ms

sample6.0s

Algorithm
intervals