Average Error: 52.3 → 0.1
Time: 22.1s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\]
\[-2 \cdot \frac{c}{b + \sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}\]

Error

Bits error versus a

Bits error versus b

Bits error versus c

Derivation

  1. Initial program 52.3

    \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\]
  2. Simplified52.3

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b}{2 \cdot a}}\]
  3. Using strategy rm
  4. Applied flip--52.3

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} \cdot \sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b \cdot b}{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + b}}}{2 \cdot a}\]
  5. Applied associate-/l/52.3

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} \cdot \sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b \cdot b}{\left(2 \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + b\right)}}\]
  6. Simplified0.4

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c}}{\left(2 \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + b\right)}\]
  7. Using strategy rm
  8. Applied times-frac0.1

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a \cdot -4}{2 \cdot a} \cdot \frac{c}{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + b}}\]
  9. Simplified0.1

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2} \cdot \frac{c}{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + b}\]
  10. Final simplification0.1

    \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \frac{c}{b + \sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019005 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (a b c)
  :name "Quadratic roots, wide range"
  :pre (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 a 2.028240960365167e+31) (< 4.930380657631324e-32 b 2.028240960365167e+31) (< 4.930380657631324e-32 c 2.028240960365167e+31))
  (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4 a) c)))) (* 2 a)))

Details

Time bar (total: 21.4s)Debug log

sample337.0ms

Algorithm
intervals

simplify181.0ms

Counts
1 → 1
Calls

1 calls. Slowest were:

180.0ms
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4 a) c)))) (* 2 a))

prune17.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 53.2b

localize42.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

29.2b
(- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
0.1b
(/ (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b) (* 2 a))
0.1b
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))
0.0b
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

rewrite20.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 67
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

10.0ms
(/ (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b) (* 2 a))
7.0ms
(- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
1.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

series703.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

483.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))
110.0ms
(/ (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b) (* 2 a))
81.0ms
(- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
30.0ms
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))

simplify1.5s

Counts
34 → 79
Calls

34 calls. Slowest were:

683.0ms
(- (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (* b b))
138.0ms
(- (pow (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) 3) (pow b 3))
94.0ms
(/ (* (* (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b) (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)) (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)) (* (* (* 2 a) (* 2 a)) (* 2 a)))

prune787.0ms

Pruning

3 alts after pruning (3 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0.4b

localize20.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

0.3b
(/ (* (* a -4) c) (* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))
0.1b
(+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
0.1b
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))
0.0b
(* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))

rewrite23.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 70
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

10.0ms
(/ (* (* a -4) c) (* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))
8.0ms
(* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
4.0ms
(+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)

series335.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

132.0ms
(/ (* (* a -4) c) (* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))
97.0ms
(* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
63.0ms
(+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
43.0ms
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))

simplify3.4s

Counts
37 → 82
Calls

37 calls. Slowest were:

663.0ms
(- (log (* (* a -4) c)) (+ (log (* 2 a)) (log (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))))
627.0ms
(/ (* (* (* (* a -4) c) (* (* a -4) c)) (* (* a -4) c)) (* (* (* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)) (* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))) (* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))))
627.0ms
(/ (* (* (* (* a -4) c) (* (* a -4) c)) (* (* a -4) c)) (* (* (* (* 2 a) (* 2 a)) (* 2 a)) (* (* (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))))

prune860.0ms

Pruning

6 alts after pruning (6 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0b

localize8.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

0.1b
(+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
0.1b
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))
0.1b
(/ c (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
0.0b
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

rewrite8.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 59
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

4.0ms
(+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
2.0ms
(/ c (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
1.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

series321.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

175.0ms
(/ c (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
50.0ms
(+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
50.0ms
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))
46.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

simplify567.0ms

Counts
26 → 71
Calls

26 calls. Slowest were:

187.0ms
(+ (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (- (* b b) (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))
48.0ms
(- (pow b 2) (* 4 (* a c)))
47.0ms
(- (pow b 2) (* 4 (* a c)))

prune844.0ms

Pruning

5 alts after pruning (4 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 0b

localize30.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

0.5b
(cbrt (* (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))))
0.3b
(* (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))))
0.1b
(* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))))
0.1b
(+ (cbrt (* (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))))) b)

rewrite33.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 93
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

12.0ms
(* (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))))
8.0ms
(cbrt (* (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))))
7.0ms
(+ (cbrt (* (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))))) b)

series755.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

606.0ms
(* (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))))
63.0ms
(cbrt (* (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))))
55.0ms
(+ (cbrt (* (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))))) b)
31.0ms
(* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))))

simplify3.0s

Counts
66 → 105
Calls

66 calls. Slowest were:

830.0ms
(* (* (* (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))))) (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))))) (* (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))))
441.0ms
(* (* (* (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (* (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))))) (* (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))))
213.0ms
(* (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)) (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

prune1.3s

Pruning

5 alts after pruning (3 fresh and 2 done)

Merged error: 0b

regimes172.0ms

Accuracy

0% (0.1b remaining)

Error of 0.1b against oracle of 0.0b and baseline of 0.1b

bsearch2.0ms

end0.0ms

sample6.2s

Algorithm
intervals