Average Error: 16.9 → 3.9
Time: 58.5s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\cos^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot R\]
\[e^{\log \left(\log \left(e^{\cos^{-1} \left((\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2 + \cos \lambda_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1\right) + \left(\sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right))_*\right)}\right)\right)} \cdot R\]

Error

Bits error versus R

Bits error versus lambda1

Bits error versus lambda2

Bits error versus phi1

Bits error versus phi2

Derivation

  1. Initial program 16.9

    \[\cos^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot R\]
  2. Simplified16.9

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{R \cdot \cos^{-1} \left((\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) + \left(\sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right))_*\right)}\]
  3. Using strategy rm
  4. Applied cos-diff3.9

    \[\leadsto R \cdot \cos^{-1} \left((\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)} + \left(\sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right))_*\right)\]
  5. Using strategy rm
  6. Applied add-log-exp3.9

    \[\leadsto R \cdot \color{blue}{\log \left(e^{\cos^{-1} \left((\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right) + \left(\sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right))_*\right)}\right)}\]
  7. Using strategy rm
  8. Applied add-exp-log3.9

    \[\leadsto R \cdot \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\log \left(e^{\cos^{-1} \left((\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right) + \left(\sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right))_*\right)}\right)\right)}}\]
  9. Final simplification3.9

    \[\leadsto e^{\log \left(\log \left(e^{\cos^{-1} \left((\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2 + \cos \lambda_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1\right) + \left(\sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right))_*\right)}\right)\right)} \cdot R\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019005 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
  :name "Spherical law of cosines"
  (* (acos (+ (* (sin phi1) (sin phi2)) (* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2))))) R))

Details

Time bar (total: 53.3s)Debug log

sample935.0ms

Algorithm
intervals

simplify51.0ms

Counts
1 → 1
Calls

1 calls. Slowest were:

50.0ms
(* (acos (+ (* (sin phi1) (sin phi2)) (* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2))))) R)

prune27.0ms

Pruning

2 alts after pruning (2 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 15.8b

localize85.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

2.4b
(cos (- lambda1 lambda2))
0.5b
(acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2)) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1))))
0.3b
(fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2)) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))
0.3b
(* R (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2)) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))))

rewrite13.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 45
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

6.0ms
(cos (- lambda1 lambda2))
2.0ms
(* R (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2)) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))))
1.0ms
(acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2)) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1))))

series289.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

210.0ms
(fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2)) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))
35.0ms
(cos (- lambda1 lambda2))
25.0ms
(* R (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2)) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))))
18.0ms
(acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2)) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1))))

simplify509.0ms

Counts
18 → 57
Calls

18 calls. Slowest were:

83.0ms
(- (+ 1 (* lambda2 lambda1)) (* 1/2 (pow lambda1 2)))
82.0ms
(- (+ (* phi1 phi2) 1) (* 1/2 (pow phi1 2)))
44.0ms
(* R (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2)) (* (sin phi1) (sin phi2)))))

prune1.2s

Pruning

15 alts after pruning (15 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 3.3b

localize74.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

0.4b
(acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1))))
0.2b
(* R (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))))
0.2b
(fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))
0.2b
(* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))

rewrite13.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 53
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

7.0ms
(* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))
3.0ms
(* R (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))))
1.0ms
(acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1))))

series434.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

302.0ms
(fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))
62.0ms
(* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))
49.0ms
(* R (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))))
20.0ms
(acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1))))

simplify3.1s

Counts
24 → 65
Calls

24 calls. Slowest were:

283.0ms
(* R (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (sin lambda2) (sin lambda1)) (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2))) (* (sin phi1) (sin phi2)))))
281.0ms
(acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (sin lambda2) (sin lambda1)) (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2))) (* (sin phi1) (sin phi2))))
277.0ms
(acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1))))

prune1.6s

Pruning

15 alts after pruning (15 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 3.2b

localize14.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

0.4b
(acos (+ (* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2)))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1))))
0.2b
(* R (acos (+ (* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2)))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))))
0.2b
(* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))))
0.2b
(* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))

rewrite34.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 72
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

27.0ms
(* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))))
4.0ms
(* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))
2.0ms
(acos (+ (* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2)))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1))))

series364.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

224.0ms
(* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))))
73.0ms
(* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))
42.0ms
(* R (acos (+ (* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2)))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))))
26.0ms
(acos (+ (* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2)))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1))))

simplify5.9s

Counts
46 → 84
Calls

46 calls. Slowest were:

480.0ms
(* (+ (cos (+ phi1 phi2)) (cos (- phi1 phi2))) (+ (* (+ (cos (+ lambda1 lambda2)) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2))) 2) (* 2 (- (cos (- lambda1 lambda2)) (cos (+ lambda1 lambda2))))))
420.0ms
(* 2 (+ (* (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2))) (- (* (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))))))
323.0ms
(cbrt (acos (+ (* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2)))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))))

prune2.0s

Pruning

14 alts after pruning (14 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 3.2b

localize11.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

0.4b
(acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1))))
0.4b
(log (exp (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1))))))
0.3b
(exp (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))))
0.2b
(* R (log (exp (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))))))

rewrite15.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 65
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

7.0ms
(* R (log (exp (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))))))
3.0ms
(log (exp (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1))))))
3.0ms
(exp (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))))

series138.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

66.0ms
(exp (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))))
28.0ms
(* R (log (exp (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))))))
22.0ms
(log (exp (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1))))))
21.0ms
(acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1))))

simplify8.5s

Counts
38 → 77
Calls

38 calls. Slowest were:

571.0ms
(log (exp (sqrt (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))))))
333.0ms
(acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1))))
285.0ms
(acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (sin lambda2) (sin lambda1)) (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2))) (* (sin phi1) (sin phi2))))

prune2.0s

Pruning

17 alts after pruning (17 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 3.2b

regimes1.5s

Accuracy

0% (0.4b remaining)

Error of 3.9b against oracle of 3.5b and baseline of 3.9b

bsearch3.0ms

end0.0ms

sample24.5s

Algorithm
intervals