Average Error: 58.7 → 3.6
Time: 33.0s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}{\left(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \le -4.418679367205824 \cdot 10^{+243} \lor \neg \left(b \le 3.380573644616822 \cdot 10^{+183}\right) \land b \le 4.27530359699961 \cdot 10^{+272}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1)^*}{(e^{\varepsilon \cdot b} - 1)^*} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1)^*} \cdot \varepsilon\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{b} + \frac{1}{a}\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus a

Bits error versus b

Bits error versus eps

Try it out

Your Program's Arguments

Results

Enter valid numbers for all inputs

Target

Original58.7
Target14.3
Herbie3.6
\[\frac{a + b}{a \cdot b}\]

Derivation

  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if b < -4.418679367205824e+243 or 3.380573644616822e+183 < b < 4.27530359699961e+272

    1. Initial program 48.3

      \[\frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}{\left(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}\]
    2. Simplified15.8

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1)^*}{(e^{\varepsilon \cdot b} - 1)^*} \cdot \frac{\varepsilon}{(e^{\varepsilon \cdot a} - 1)^*}}\]
    3. Using strategy rm
    4. Applied div-inv16.8

      \[\leadsto \frac{(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1)^*}{(e^{\varepsilon \cdot b} - 1)^*} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\varepsilon \cdot \frac{1}{(e^{\varepsilon \cdot a} - 1)^*}\right)}\]

    if -4.418679367205824e+243 < b < 3.380573644616822e+183 or 4.27530359699961e+272 < b

    1. Initial program 59.7

      \[\frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}{\left(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}\]
    2. Simplified28.7

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1)^*}{(e^{\varepsilon \cdot b} - 1)^*} \cdot \frac{\varepsilon}{(e^{\varepsilon \cdot a} - 1)^*}}\]
    3. Taylor expanded around 0 2.3

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{b}}\]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification3.6

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \le -4.418679367205824 \cdot 10^{+243} \lor \neg \left(b \le 3.380573644616822 \cdot 10^{+183}\right) \land b \le 4.27530359699961 \cdot 10^{+272}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1)^*}{(e^{\varepsilon \cdot b} - 1)^*} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1)^*} \cdot \varepsilon\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{b} + \frac{1}{a}\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019005 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (a b eps)
  :name "expq3 (problem 3.4.2)"
  :pre (and (< -1 eps) (< eps 1))

  :herbie-target
  (/ (+ a b) (* a b))

  (/ (* eps (- (exp (* (+ a b) eps)) 1)) (* (- (exp (* a eps)) 1) (- (exp (* b eps)) 1))))

Details

Time bar (total: 32.4s)Debug log

sample524.0ms

Algorithm
intervals

simplify145.0ms

Counts
1 → 1
Calls

1 calls. Slowest were:

145.0ms
(/ (* eps (- (exp (* (+ a b) eps)) 1)) (* (- (exp (* a eps)) 1) (- (exp (* b eps)) 1)))

prune13.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 26.3b

localize31.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

16.5b
(/ eps (expm1 (* eps a)))
12.0b
(/ (expm1 (* (+ a b) eps)) (expm1 (* eps b)))
4.1b
(* (/ (expm1 (* (+ a b) eps)) (expm1 (* eps b))) (/ eps (expm1 (* eps a))))
0.0b
(* (+ a b) eps)

rewrite21.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 95
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

8.0ms
(* (/ (expm1 (* (+ a b) eps)) (expm1 (* eps b))) (/ eps (expm1 (* eps a))))
5.0ms
(* (+ a b) eps)
3.0ms
(/ (expm1 (* (+ a b) eps)) (expm1 (* eps b)))

series610.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

448.0ms
(* (/ (expm1 (* (+ a b) eps)) (expm1 (* eps b))) (/ eps (expm1 (* eps a))))
88.0ms
(/ (expm1 (* (+ a b) eps)) (expm1 (* eps b)))
54.0ms
(/ eps (expm1 (* eps a)))
21.0ms
(* (+ a b) eps)

simplify2.7s

Counts
70 → 107
Calls

70 calls. Slowest were:

375.0ms
(* (* (* (/ (expm1 (* (+ a b) eps)) (expm1 (* eps b))) (/ (expm1 (* (+ a b) eps)) (expm1 (* eps b)))) (/ (expm1 (* (+ a b) eps)) (expm1 (* eps b)))) (* (* (/ eps (expm1 (* eps a))) (/ eps (expm1 (* eps a)))) (/ eps (expm1 (* eps a)))))
297.0ms
(+ (- (log (expm1 (* (+ a b) eps))) (log (expm1 (* eps b)))) (log (/ eps (expm1 (* eps a)))))
208.0ms
(/ (* (- (exp (* (+ a b) eps)) 1) eps) (- (+ (* (exp (* a eps)) (exp (* eps b))) 1) (+ (exp (* eps b)) (exp (* a eps)))))

prune1.4s

Pruning

3 alts after pruning (3 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0.0b

localize17.0ms

Local error

Found 1 expressions with local error:

0.0b
(+ (/ 1 a) (/ 1 b))

rewrite8.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
1 → 22
Calls

1 calls. Slowest were:

7.0ms
(+ (/ 1 a) (/ 1 b))

series12.0ms

Counts
1 → 3
Calls

1 calls. Slowest were:

12.0ms
(+ (/ 1 a) (/ 1 b))

simplify37.0ms

Counts
12 → 25
Calls

12 calls. Slowest were:

8.0ms
(* (exp (/ 1 a)) (exp (/ 1 b)))
4.0ms
(+ (* 1 b) (* a 1))
4.0ms
(* (cbrt (/ 1 a)) (cbrt (/ 1 a)))

prune209.0ms

Pruning

3 alts after pruning (2 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 0.0b

localize16.0ms

Local error

Found 1 expressions with local error:

13.8b
(/ (+ b a) (* a b))

rewrite6.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
1 → 23
Calls

1 calls. Slowest were:

6.0ms
(/ (+ b a) (* a b))

series34.0ms

Counts
1 → 3
Calls

1 calls. Slowest were:

34.0ms
(/ (+ b a) (* a b))

simplify202.0ms

Counts
15 → 26
Calls

15 calls. Slowest were:

90.0ms
(/ (* (* (+ b a) (+ b a)) (+ b a)) (* (* (* a b) (* a b)) (* a b)))
31.0ms
(- (log (+ b a)) (log (* a b)))
24.0ms
(- (* b b) (* a a))

prune181.0ms

Pruning

4 alts after pruning (2 fresh and 2 done)

Merged error: 0b

localize11.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

16.5b
(* eps (/ 1 (expm1 (* eps a))))
12.0b
(/ (expm1 (* (+ a b) eps)) (expm1 (* eps b)))
4.1b
(* (/ (expm1 (* (+ a b) eps)) (expm1 (* eps b))) (* eps (/ 1 (expm1 (* eps a)))))
0.1b
(/ 1 (expm1 (* eps a)))

rewrite13.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 98
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

7.0ms
(* (/ (expm1 (* (+ a b) eps)) (expm1 (* eps b))) (* eps (/ 1 (expm1 (* eps a)))))
3.0ms
(/ (expm1 (* (+ a b) eps)) (expm1 (* eps b)))
1.0ms
(* eps (/ 1 (expm1 (* eps a))))

series625.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

469.0ms
(* (/ (expm1 (* (+ a b) eps)) (expm1 (* eps b))) (* eps (/ 1 (expm1 (* eps a)))))
81.0ms
(/ (expm1 (* (+ a b) eps)) (expm1 (* eps b)))
50.0ms
(* eps (/ 1 (expm1 (* eps a))))
25.0ms
(/ 1 (expm1 (* eps a)))

simplify2.4s

Counts
73 → 110
Calls

73 calls. Slowest were:

292.0ms
(+ (log (/ (expm1 (* (+ a b) eps)) (expm1 (* eps b)))) (log (* eps (/ 1 (expm1 (* eps a))))))
193.0ms
(/ (* (- (exp (* (+ a b) eps)) 1) eps) (- (+ (* (exp (* a eps)) (exp (* eps b))) 1) (+ (exp (* eps b)) (exp (* a eps)))))
179.0ms
(/ (* (* (expm1 (* (+ a b) eps)) (expm1 (* (+ a b) eps))) (expm1 (* (+ a b) eps))) (* (* (expm1 (* eps b)) (expm1 (* eps b))) (expm1 (* eps b))))

prune1.4s

Pruning

4 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 3 done)

Merged error: 0b

regimes206.0ms

Accuracy

-9.3% (3.6b remaining)

Error of 3.6b against oracle of 0.0b and baseline of 3.3b

bsearch1.5s

end0.0ms

sample20.1s

Algorithm
intervals