Average Error: 14.8 → 0.0
Time: 10.9s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\frac{x}{x \cdot x + 1}\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \le -1.0208141978551163 \cdot 10^{+48} \lor \neg \left(x \le 423.1303199100469\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{1}{x} + \frac{1}{{x}^{5}}\right) - \frac{1}{{x}^{3}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{x \cdot x + 1}\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus x

Try it out

Your Program's Arguments

Results

Enter valid numbers for all inputs

Target

Original14.8
Target0.1
Herbie0.0
\[\frac{1}{x + \frac{1}{x}}\]

Derivation

  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if x < -1.0208141978551163e+48 or 423.1303199100469 < x

    1. Initial program 32.1

      \[\frac{x}{x \cdot x + 1}\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied add-sqr-sqrt32.1

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{x \cdot x + 1} \cdot \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}}}\]
    4. Applied associate-/r*32.0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{x}{\sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}}}{\sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}}}\]
    5. Taylor expanded around inf 0.0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{{x}^{5}} + \frac{1}{x}\right) - \frac{1}{{x}^{3}}}\]

    if -1.0208141978551163e+48 < x < 423.1303199100469

    1. Initial program 0.0

      \[\frac{x}{x \cdot x + 1}\]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification0.0

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \le -1.0208141978551163 \cdot 10^{+48} \lor \neg \left(x \le 423.1303199100469\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{1}{x} + \frac{1}{{x}^{5}}\right) - \frac{1}{{x}^{3}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{x \cdot x + 1}\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019005 
(FPCore (x)
  :name "x / (x^2 + 1)"

  :herbie-target
  (/ 1 (+ x (/ 1 x)))

  (/ x (+ (* x x) 1)))

Details

Time bar (total: 10.5s)Debug log

sample32.0ms

Algorithm
intervals

simplify5.0ms

Counts
1 → 1
Calls

1 calls. Slowest were:

5.0ms
(/ x (+ (* x x) 1))

prune7.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 14.3b

localize16.0ms

Local error

Found 1 expressions with local error:

14.3b
(/ x (+ (* x x) 1))

rewrite3.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
1 → 15
Calls

1 calls. Slowest were:

3.0ms
(/ x (+ (* x x) 1))

series24.0ms

Counts
1 → 3
Calls

1 calls. Slowest were:

24.0ms
(/ x (+ (* x x) 1))

simplify388.0ms

Counts
8 → 18
Calls

8 calls. Slowest were:

243.0ms
(+ (* (* x x) (* x x)) (- (* 1 1) (* (* x x) 1)))
39.0ms
(- (+ (/ 1 (pow x 5)) (/ 1 x)) (/ 1 (pow x 3)))
38.0ms
(- (+ x (pow x 5)) (pow x 3))

prune153.0ms

Pruning

3 alts after pruning (2 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 0b

localize15.0ms

Local error

Found 3 expressions with local error:

14.2b
(sqrt (+ (* x x) 1))
14.2b
(sqrt (+ (* x x) 1))
0.0b
(/ (/ x (sqrt (+ (* x x) 1))) (sqrt (+ (* x x) 1)))

rewrite22.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
3 → 91
Calls

3 calls. Slowest were:

12.0ms
(/ (/ x (sqrt (+ (* x x) 1))) (sqrt (+ (* x x) 1)))
4.0ms
(sqrt (+ (* x x) 1))
4.0ms
(sqrt (+ (* x x) 1))

series84.0ms

Counts
3 → 9
Calls

3 calls. Slowest were:

29.0ms
(/ (/ x (sqrt (+ (* x x) 1))) (sqrt (+ (* x x) 1)))
28.0ms
(sqrt (+ (* x x) 1))
27.0ms
(sqrt (+ (* x x) 1))

simplify4.9s

Counts
107 → 100
Calls

107 calls. Slowest were:

259.0ms
(/ (sqrt (+ (* (* x x) (* x x)) (- (* 1 1) (* (* x x) 1)))) (sqrt (+ (* x x) 1)))
256.0ms
(/ (sqrt (+ (* (* x x) (* x x)) (- (* 1 1) (* (* x x) 1)))) (sqrt (sqrt (+ (* x x) 1))))
248.0ms
(/ (sqrt (+ (* (* x x) (* x x)) (- (* 1 1) (* (* x x) 1)))) (sqrt (sqrt (+ (* x x) 1))))

prune911.0ms

Pruning

3 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 2 done)

Merged error: 0b

localize30.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

20.7b
(- (+ (/ 1 (pow x 5)) (/ 1 x)) (/ 1 (pow x 3)))
0.2b
(/ 1 (pow x 3))
0.1b
(/ 1 (pow x 5))
0.0b
(+ (/ 1 (pow x 5)) (/ 1 x))

rewrite40.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 80
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

29.0ms
(- (+ (/ 1 (pow x 5)) (/ 1 x)) (/ 1 (pow x 3)))
7.0ms
(+ (/ 1 (pow x 5)) (/ 1 x))
1.0ms
(/ 1 (pow x 3))

series126.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

51.0ms
(+ (/ 1 (pow x 5)) (/ 1 x))
30.0ms
(/ 1 (pow x 5))
23.0ms
(- (+ (/ 1 (pow x 5)) (/ 1 x)) (/ 1 (pow x 3)))
22.0ms
(/ 1 (pow x 3))

simplify2.1s

Counts
49 → 92
Calls

49 calls. Slowest were:

293.0ms
(- (* (+ (* 1 x) (* (pow x 5) 1)) (pow x 3)) (* (* (pow x 5) x) 1))
279.0ms
(* (- (/ 1 (pow x 5)) (/ 1 x)) (pow x 3))
227.0ms
(- (* (+ (pow (/ 1 (pow x 5)) 3) (pow (/ 1 x) 3)) (pow x 3)) (* (+ (* (/ 1 (pow x 5)) (/ 1 (pow x 5))) (- (* (/ 1 x) (/ 1 x)) (* (/ 1 (pow x 5)) (/ 1 x)))) 1))

prune894.0ms

Pruning

3 alts after pruning (0 fresh and 3 done)

Merged error: 0b

regimes59.0ms

Accuracy

99.9% (0.0b remaining)

Error of 0.0b against oracle of 0.0b and baseline of 14.7b

bsearch55.0ms

end0.0ms

sample688.0ms

Algorithm
intervals