Average Error: 33.5 → 16.4
Time: 2.0m
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \le 1.9639198265054672 \cdot 10^{-73}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b}{a \cdot 2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\frac{-b}{c}}\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus a

Bits error versus b

Bits error versus c

Target

Original33.5
Target20.5
Herbie16.4
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \lt 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{a \cdot \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}}\\ \end{array}\]

Derivation

  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if b < 1.9639198265054672e-73

    1. Initial program 21.1

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\]
    2. Simplified21.1

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b}{2 \cdot a}}\]

    if 1.9639198265054672e-73 < b

    1. Initial program 52.9

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\]
    2. Simplified52.9

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b}{2 \cdot a}}\]
    3. Using strategy rm
    4. Applied *-un-lft-identity52.9

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \left(\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b\right)}}{2 \cdot a}\]
    5. Applied associate-/l*52.9

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{2 \cdot a}{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b}}}\]
    6. Taylor expanded around 0 9.0

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{b}{c}}}\]
    7. Simplified9.0

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{-b}{c}}}\]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification16.4

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \le 1.9639198265054672 \cdot 10^{-73}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b}{a \cdot 2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\frac{-b}{c}}\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019004 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (a b c)
  :name "The quadratic formula (r1)"

  :herbie-target
  (if (< b 0) (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4 a) c)))) (* 2 a)) (/ c (* a (/ (- (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4 a) c)))) (* 2 a)))))

  (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4 a) c)))) (* 2 a)))

Details

Time bar (total: 2.0m)Debug log

sample109.0ms

Algorithm
intervals

simplify82.0ms

Counts
1 → 1
Calls

1 calls. Slowest were:

82.0ms
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4 a) c)))) (* 2 a))

prune10.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 32.6b

localize42.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

22.0b
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))
0.3b
(/ (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b) (* 2 a))
0.2b
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))
0.0b
(- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)

rewrite35.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 67
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

21.0ms
(/ (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b) (* 2 a))
10.0ms
(- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
2.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

series216.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

81.0ms
(/ (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b) (* 2 a))
54.0ms
(- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
46.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))
35.0ms
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))

simplify1.5s

Counts
34 → 79
Calls

34 calls. Slowest were:

767.0ms
(- (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (* b b))
126.0ms
(- (pow (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) 3) (pow b 3))
70.0ms
(/ (* (* (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b) (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)) (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)) (* (* (* 2 a) (* 2 a)) (* 2 a)))

prune846.0ms

Pruning

9 alts after pruning (8 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 22.7b

localize6.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

22.0b
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))
0.4b
(/ (* 2 a) (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
0.2b
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))
0.2b
(/ 1 (/ (* 2 a) (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))

rewrite12.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 73
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

7.0ms
(/ (* 2 a) (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
3.0ms
(/ 1 (/ (* 2 a) (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))
1.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

series343.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

159.0ms
(/ (* 2 a) (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
111.0ms
(/ 1 (/ (* 2 a) (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))
39.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))
33.0ms
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))

simplify1.6s

Counts
40 → 85
Calls

40 calls. Slowest were:

597.0ms
(/ (* (* (* 2 a) (* 2 a)) (* 2 a)) (* (* (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b) (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)) (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))
118.0ms
(+ (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (+ (* b b) (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))
69.0ms
(- (log (* 2 a)) (log (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))

prune911.0ms

Pruning

11 alts after pruning (9 fresh and 2 done)

Merged error: 13.1b

localize10.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

22.0b
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))
0.3b
(/ (/ 1 (* 2 a)) (/ 1 (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))
0.2b
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))
0.2b
(/ 1 (* 2 a))

rewrite9.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 93
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

5.0ms
(/ (/ 1 (* 2 a)) (/ 1 (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))
1.0ms
(/ 1 (* 2 a))
1.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

series212.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

89.0ms
(/ (/ 1 (* 2 a)) (/ 1 (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))
62.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))
48.0ms
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))
11.0ms
(/ 1 (* 2 a))

simplify8.5s

Counts
79 → 105
Calls

79 calls. Slowest were:

674.0ms
(/ (sqrt (/ 1 (* 2 a))) (/ 1 (- (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (* b b))))
663.0ms
(/ 1 (/ 1 (- (pow (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) 3) (pow b 3))))
659.0ms
(/ 1 (/ 1 (- (pow (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) 3) (pow b 3))))

prune1.3s

Pruning

10 alts after pruning (9 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 13.1b

localize12.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

22.0b
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))
22.0b
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))
0.2b
(/ (/ (/ 1 (* 2 a)) (sqrt (/ 1 (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))) (sqrt (/ 1 (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))))
0.2b
(/ (/ 1 (* 2 a)) (sqrt (/ 1 (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))))

rewrite37.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 532
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

11.0ms
(/ (/ (/ 1 (* 2 a)) (sqrt (/ 1 (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))) (sqrt (/ 1 (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))))
5.0ms
(/ (/ 1 (* 2 a)) (sqrt (/ 1 (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))))
1.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

series354.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

140.0ms
(/ (/ 1 (* 2 a)) (sqrt (/ 1 (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))))
101.0ms
(/ (/ (/ 1 (* 2 a)) (sqrt (/ 1 (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))) (sqrt (/ 1 (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))))
69.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))
44.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

simplify1.4m

Counts
901 → 544
Calls

901 calls. Slowest were:

763.0ms
(/ (/ (* (cbrt (/ 1 (* 2 a))) (cbrt (/ 1 (* 2 a)))) (sqrt 1)) (sqrt (/ 1 (- (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (* b b)))))
713.0ms
(/ (* (cbrt (/ 1 (* 2 a))) (cbrt (/ 1 (* 2 a)))) (sqrt (/ 1 (- (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (* b b)))))
713.0ms
(/ (sqrt (/ 1 (* 2 a))) (sqrt (/ 1 (- (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (* b b)))))

prune10.5s

Pruning

9 alts after pruning (7 fresh and 2 done)

Merged error: 13.1b

regimes331.0ms

Accuracy

81.3% (3.9b remaining)

Error of 16.4b against oracle of 12.4b and baseline of 33.5b

bsearch200.0ms

end0.0ms

sample4.3s

Algorithm
intervals