Average Error: 28.7 → 0.0
Time: 8.2s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\frac{2}{1 + e^{-2 \cdot x}} - 1\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \le -0.007313920889238615 \lor \neg \left(x \le 0.007445023279981877\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{1 + e^{-2 \cdot x}} - 1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{2}{15} \cdot {x}^{5} + x\right) - {x}^{3} \cdot \frac{1}{3}\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus x

Bits error versus y

Try it out

Your Program's Arguments

Results

Enter valid numbers for all inputs

Derivation

  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if x < -0.007313920889238615 or 0.007445023279981877 < x

    1. Initial program 0.0

      \[\frac{2}{1 + e^{-2 \cdot x}} - 1\]
    2. Taylor expanded around inf 0.0

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{e^{-2 \cdot x} + 1}} - 1\]

    if -0.007313920889238615 < x < 0.007445023279981877

    1. Initial program 59.0

      \[\frac{2}{1 + e^{-2 \cdot x}} - 1\]
    2. Taylor expanded around inf 59.0

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{e^{-2 \cdot x} + 1}} - 1\]
    3. Taylor expanded around 0 0.0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(x + \frac{2}{15} \cdot {x}^{5}\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot {x}^{3}}\]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification0.0

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \le -0.007313920889238615 \lor \neg \left(x \le 0.007445023279981877\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{1 + e^{-2 \cdot x}} - 1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{2}{15} \cdot {x}^{5} + x\right) - {x}^{3} \cdot \frac{1}{3}\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019004 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (x y)
  :name "Logistic function from Lakshay Garg"
  (- (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x)))) 1))

Details

Time bar (total: 7.9s)Debug log

sample89.0ms

Algorithm
intervals

simplify30.0ms

Counts
1 → 1
Calls

1 calls. Slowest were:

29.0ms
(- (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x)))) 1)

prune11.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 26.1b

localize22.0ms

Local error

Found 3 expressions with local error:

2.2b
(- (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x)))) 1)
0.0b
(/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x))))
0.0b
(+ 1 (exp (* -2 x)))

rewrite7.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
3 → 50
Calls

3 calls. Slowest were:

5.0ms
(- (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x)))) 1)
1.0ms
(+ 1 (exp (* -2 x)))
1.0ms
(/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x))))

series95.0ms

Counts
3 → 9
Calls

3 calls. Slowest were:

51.0ms
(- (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x)))) 1)
26.0ms
(/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x))))
17.0ms
(+ 1 (exp (* -2 x)))

simplify625.0ms

Counts
20 → 59
Calls

20 calls. Slowest were:

150.0ms
(- (+ (* 2 (pow x 2)) 2) (* 2 x))
130.0ms
(+ (* 1 1) (- (* (exp (* -2 x)) (exp (* -2 x))) (* 1 (exp (* -2 x)))))
74.0ms
(- (+ x (* 2/15 (pow x 5))) (* 1/3 (pow x 3)))

prune667.0ms

Pruning

2 alts after pruning (2 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0b

localize15.0ms

Local error

Found 3 expressions with local error:

2.2b
(- (/ 2 (+ (exp (* -2 x)) 1)) 1)
0.0b
(+ (exp (* -2 x)) 1)
0.0b
(/ 2 (+ (exp (* -2 x)) 1))

rewrite25.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
3 → 53
Calls

3 calls. Slowest were:

18.0ms
(- (/ 2 (+ (exp (* -2 x)) 1)) 1)
4.0ms
(+ (exp (* -2 x)) 1)
2.0ms
(/ 2 (+ (exp (* -2 x)) 1))

series82.0ms

Counts
3 → 9
Calls

3 calls. Slowest were:

55.0ms
(- (/ 2 (+ (exp (* -2 x)) 1)) 1)
19.0ms
(/ 2 (+ (exp (* -2 x)) 1))
8.0ms
(+ (exp (* -2 x)) 1)

simplify675.0ms

Counts
22 → 62
Calls

22 calls. Slowest were:

175.0ms
(- (+ (* 2 (pow x 2)) 2) (* 2 x))
133.0ms
(- (+ x (* 2/15 (pow x 5))) (* 1/3 (pow x 3)))
69.0ms
(+ (* (exp (* -2 x)) (exp (* -2 x))) (- (* 1 1) (* (exp (* -2 x)) 1)))

prune569.0ms

Pruning

2 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 0b

localize17.0ms

Local error

Found 3 expressions with local error:

21.7b
(- (+ x (* 2/15 (pow x 5))) (* 1/3 (pow x 3)))
0.1b
(* 1/3 (pow x 3))
0.0b
(* 2/15 (pow x 5))

rewrite8.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
3 → 49
Calls

3 calls. Slowest were:

5.0ms
(- (+ x (* 2/15 (pow x 5))) (* 1/3 (pow x 3)))
1.0ms
(* 1/3 (pow x 3))
1.0ms
(* 2/15 (pow x 5))

series92.0ms

Counts
3 → 9
Calls

3 calls. Slowest were:

36.0ms
(* 2/15 (pow x 5))
29.0ms
(- (+ x (* 2/15 (pow x 5))) (* 1/3 (pow x 3)))
27.0ms
(* 1/3 (pow x 3))

simplify992.0ms

Counts
25 → 58
Calls

25 calls. Slowest were:

151.0ms
(fma (sqrt (+ x (* 2/15 (pow x 5)))) (sqrt (+ x (* 2/15 (pow x 5)))) (- (* (pow x 3) 1/3)))
145.0ms
(fma 1 (+ x (* 2/15 (pow x 5))) (- (* (pow x 3) 1/3)))
137.0ms
(/ (exp (+ x (* 2/15 (pow x 5)))) (exp (* 1/3 (pow x 3))))

prune550.0ms

Pruning

2 alts after pruning (0 fresh and 2 done)

Merged error: 0b

regimes123.0ms

Accuracy

100% (0.0b remaining)

Error of 0.0b against oracle of 0.0b and baseline of 28.7b

bsearch155.0ms

end0.0ms

sample3.0s

Algorithm
intervals