Average Error: 33.5 → 9.7
Time: 26.0s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\frac{\left(-b_2\right) + \sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c}}{a}\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b_2 \le -2.927037124445895 \cdot 10^{+148}:\\ \;\;\;\;(-2 \cdot \left(\frac{b_2}{a}\right) + \left(\frac{c}{\frac{b_2}{\frac{1}{2}}}\right))_*\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b_2 \le 3.587545867948427 \cdot 10^{-80}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - c \cdot a} - b_2}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{c}{b_2}\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus a

Bits error versus b_2

Bits error versus c

Derivation

  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if b_2 < -2.927037124445895e+148

    1. Initial program 58.7

      \[\frac{\left(-b_2\right) + \sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c}}{a}\]
    2. Simplified58.7

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c} - b_2}{a}}\]
    3. Taylor expanded around -inf 2.1

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{c}{b_2} - 2 \cdot \frac{b_2}{a}}\]
    4. Simplified2.1

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{(-2 \cdot \left(\frac{b_2}{a}\right) + \left(\frac{c}{\frac{b_2}{\frac{1}{2}}}\right))_*}\]

    if -2.927037124445895e+148 < b_2 < 3.587545867948427e-80

    1. Initial program 12.4

      \[\frac{\left(-b_2\right) + \sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c}}{a}\]
    2. Simplified12.4

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c} - b_2}{a}}\]

    if 3.587545867948427e-80 < b_2

    1. Initial program 52.5

      \[\frac{\left(-b_2\right) + \sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c}}{a}\]
    2. Simplified52.5

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c} - b_2}{a}}\]
    3. Taylor expanded around inf 8.4

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{c}{b_2}}\]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification9.7

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b_2 \le -2.927037124445895 \cdot 10^{+148}:\\ \;\;\;\;(-2 \cdot \left(\frac{b_2}{a}\right) + \left(\frac{c}{\frac{b_2}{\frac{1}{2}}}\right))_*\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b_2 \le 3.587545867948427 \cdot 10^{-80}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - c \cdot a} - b_2}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{c}{b_2}\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019004 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (a b_2 c)
  :name "quad2p (problem 3.2.1, positive)"
  (/ (+ (- b_2) (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))) a))

Details

Time bar (total: 25.0s)Debug log

sample250.0ms

Algorithm
intervals

simplify24.0ms

Counts
1 → 1
Calls

1 calls. Slowest were:

24.0ms
(/ (+ (- b_2) (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))) a)

prune27.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 32.6b

localize19.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

22.0b
(sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))
0.8b
(- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))
0.1b
(/ (- (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) b_2) a)
0.0b
(- (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) b_2)

rewrite53.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 69
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

23.0ms
(/ (- (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) b_2) a)
14.0ms
(- (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) b_2)
4.0ms
(sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))

series159.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

56.0ms
(/ (- (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) b_2) a)
44.0ms
(sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))
39.0ms
(- (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) b_2)
20.0ms
(- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))

simplify1.9s

Counts
31 → 81
Calls

31 calls. Slowest were:

553.0ms
(sqrt (- (* (* b_2 b_2) (* b_2 b_2)) (* (* a c) (* a c))))
351.0ms
(- (* (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))) (* b_2 b_2))
334.0ms
(sqrt (- (pow (* b_2 b_2) 3) (pow (* a c) 3)))

prune773.0ms

Pruning

8 alts after pruning (7 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 4.8b

localize6.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

22.0b
(sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))
0.8b
(- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))
0.2b
(/ 1 (/ a (- (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) b_2)))
0.1b
(/ a (- (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) b_2))

rewrite21.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 71
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

13.0ms
(/ a (- (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) b_2))
3.0ms
(sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))
2.0ms
(- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))

series317.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

137.0ms
(/ a (- (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) b_2))
86.0ms
(/ 1 (/ a (- (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) b_2)))
60.0ms
(sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))
34.0ms
(- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))

simplify2.0s

Counts
34 → 83
Calls

34 calls. Slowest were:

484.0ms
(sqrt (- (* (* b_2 b_2) (* b_2 b_2)) (* (* a c) (* a c))))
385.0ms
(sqrt (- (pow (* b_2 b_2) 3) (pow (* a c) 3)))
329.0ms
(+ (* (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))) (+ (* b_2 b_2) (* (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) b_2)))

prune834.0ms

Pruning

8 alts after pruning (6 fresh and 2 done)

Merged error: 4.8b

localize20.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

22.0b
(sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))
0.8b
(- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))
0.3b
(/ (/ 1 a) (/ 1 (- (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) b_2)))
0.1b
(/ 1 (- (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) b_2))

rewrite24.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 103
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

7.0ms
(/ 1 (- (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) b_2))
6.0ms
(/ (/ 1 a) (/ 1 (- (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) b_2)))
6.0ms
(sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))

series229.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

108.0ms
(/ (/ 1 a) (/ 1 (- (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) b_2)))
64.0ms
(/ 1 (- (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) b_2))
37.0ms
(sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))
20.0ms
(- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))

simplify8.9s

Counts
87 → 115
Calls

87 calls. Slowest were:

1.6s
(/ (* (* (/ 1 a) (/ 1 a)) (/ 1 a)) (* (* (/ 1 (- (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) b_2)) (/ 1 (- (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) b_2))) (/ 1 (- (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) b_2))))
570.0ms
(/ 1 (/ 1 (- (pow (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) 3) (pow b_2 3))))
564.0ms
(/ (sqrt (/ 1 a)) (/ 1 (- (* (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))) (* b_2 b_2))))

prune1.3s

Pruning

9 alts after pruning (6 fresh and 3 done)

Merged error: 4.8b

localize13.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

22.0b
(sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))
22.0b
(sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))
0.8b
(- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))
0.8b
(- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))

rewrite10.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 64
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

3.0ms
(sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))
3.0ms
(sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))
2.0ms
(- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))

series146.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

54.0ms
(sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))
44.0ms
(sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))
26.0ms
(- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))
22.0ms
(- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))

simplify2.1s

Counts
30 → 76
Calls

30 calls. Slowest were:

434.0ms
(sqrt (- (* (* b_2 b_2) (* b_2 b_2)) (* (* a c) (* a c))))
349.0ms
(sqrt (- (* (* b_2 b_2) (* b_2 b_2)) (* (* a c) (* a c))))
346.0ms
(sqrt (- (pow (* b_2 b_2) 3) (pow (* a c) 3)))

prune1.0s

Pruning

9 alts after pruning (5 fresh and 4 done)

Merged error: 4.8b

regimes301.0ms

Accuracy

84.7% (4.3b remaining)

Error of 9.7b against oracle of 5.4b and baseline of 33.5b

bsearch289.0ms

end0.0ms

sample4.3s

Algorithm
intervals