Average Error: 19.3 → 13.3
Time: 18.0s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \ge 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2 \cdot c}{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}\\ \end{array}\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \le 4.873574385931286 \cdot 10^{+105}:\\ \;\;\;\;\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \ge 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{(c \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}{2 \cdot a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2 \cdot c}{(\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{(c \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\sqrt{(c \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}\right) + \left(-b\right))_*}\\ \end{array}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \ge 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) - b}{2 \cdot a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2 \cdot c}{\sqrt{(c \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b}\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus a

Bits error versus b

Bits error versus c

Derivation

  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if b < 4.873574385931286e+105

    1. Initial program 14.8

      \[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \ge 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2 \cdot c}{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}\\ \end{array}\]
    2. Simplified14.8

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \ge 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{(c \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}{2 \cdot a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2 \cdot c}{\sqrt{(c \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b}\\ \end{array}}\]
    3. Using strategy rm
    4. Applied add-sqr-sqrt14.9

      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \ge 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{(c \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}{2 \cdot a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\color{blue}{2 \cdot c}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{(c \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{(c \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}} - b}\\ \end{array}\]
    5. Applied fma-neg14.8

      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \ge 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{(c \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}{2 \cdot a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot c}{(\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{(c \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\sqrt{(c \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}\right) + \left(-b\right))_*}}\\ \end{array}\]

    if 4.873574385931286e+105 < b

    1. Initial program 46.5

      \[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \ge 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2 \cdot c}{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}\\ \end{array}\]
    2. Simplified46.4

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \ge 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{(c \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}{2 \cdot a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2 \cdot c}{\sqrt{(c \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b}\\ \end{array}}\]
    3. Taylor expanded around 0 4.1

      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \ge 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) - \color{blue}{b}}{2 \cdot a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2 \cdot c}{\sqrt{(c \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b}\\ \end{array}\]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification13.3

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \le 4.873574385931286 \cdot 10^{+105}:\\ \;\;\;\;\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \ge 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{(c \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}{2 \cdot a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2 \cdot c}{(\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{(c \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\sqrt{(c \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}\right) + \left(-b\right))_*}\\ \end{array}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \ge 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) - b}{2 \cdot a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2 \cdot c}{\sqrt{(c \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b}\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019002 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (a b c)
  :name "jeff quadratic root 1"
  (if (>= b 0) (/ (- (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4 a) c)))) (* 2 a)) (/ (* 2 c) (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4 a) c)))))))

Details

Time bar (total: 16.7s)Debug log

sample120.0ms

Algorithm
intervals

simplify114.0ms

Counts
1 → 1
Calls

1 calls. Slowest were:

114.0ms
(if (>= b 0) (/ (- (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4 a) c)))) (* 2 a)) (/ (* 2 c) (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4 a) c))))))

prune28.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 18.4b

localize150.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

22.2b
(sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b)))
22.2b
(sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b)))
1.9b
(- (- b) (sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b))))
1.3b
(- (sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b))) b)

rewrite13.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 93
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

5.0ms
(- (sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b))) b)
4.0ms
(- (- b) (sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b))))
1.0ms
(sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b)))

series219.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

70.0ms
(sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b)))
58.0ms
(- (- b) (sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b))))
46.0ms
(sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b)))
45.0ms
(- (sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b))) b)

simplify2.2s

Counts
81 → 105
Calls

81 calls. Slowest were:

75.0ms
(fma 1 (- b) (- (* (sqrt (cbrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b)))) (sqrt (* (cbrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b))) (cbrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b))))))))
74.0ms
(fma 1 (- b) (- (* (sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b))) (sqrt 1))))
74.0ms
(- (* 2 (/ (* a c) b)) (* 2 b))

prune1.6s

Pruning

8 alts after pruning (8 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 11.0b

localize153.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

22.2b
(sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b)))
22.2b
(sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b)))
22.2b
(sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b)))
20.4b
(fma (sqrt (sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b)))) (sqrt (sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b)))) (- b))

rewrite6.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 52
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

2.0ms
(sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b)))
2.0ms
(sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b)))
2.0ms
(sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b)))

series494.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

334.0ms
(fma (sqrt (sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b)))) (sqrt (sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b)))) (- b))
60.0ms
(sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b)))
56.0ms
(sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b)))
43.0ms
(sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b)))

simplify529.0ms

Counts
24 → 64
Calls

24 calls. Slowest were:

290.0ms
(- (pow (exp (* 1/4 (- (log -4) (+ (log (/ 1 a)) (log (/ 1 c)))))) 2) b)
109.0ms
(- (pow (exp (* 1/4 (- (log -4) (+ (log (/ -1 c)) (log (/ -1 a)))))) 2) b)
18.0ms
(sqrt (sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b))))

prune1.0s

Pruning

7 alts after pruning (6 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 11.0b

localize129.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

22.2b
(sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b)))
22.2b
(sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b)))
22.2b
(sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b)))
9.5b
(- (- b) (* (sqrt (sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b)))) (sqrt (sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b))))))

rewrite7.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 66
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

4.0ms
(- (- b) (* (sqrt (sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b)))) (sqrt (sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b))))))
1.0ms
(sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b)))
1.0ms
(sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b)))

series229.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

68.0ms
(- (- b) (* (sqrt (sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b)))) (sqrt (sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b))))))
67.0ms
(sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b)))
49.0ms
(sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b)))
46.0ms
(sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b)))

simplify910.0ms

Counts
37 → 78
Calls

37 calls. Slowest were:

379.0ms
(sqrt (* (cbrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b))) (cbrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b)))))
61.0ms
(- (* 2 (/ (* a c) b)) (* 2 b))
46.0ms
(fma (sqrt (- b)) (sqrt (- b)) (- (* (sqrt (sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b)))) (sqrt (sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b)))))))

prune1.2s

Pruning

7 alts after pruning (6 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 11.0b

localize133.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

23.0b
(cbrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))
23.0b
(cbrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))
22.2b
(sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b)))
21.0b
(fma (sqrt (cbrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (fabs (cbrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) b)

rewrite2.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 50
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

1.0ms
(sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b)))
1.0ms
(cbrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))
0.0ms
(cbrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

series692.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

287.0ms
(fma (sqrt (cbrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (fabs (cbrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) b)
176.0ms
(cbrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))
162.0ms
(cbrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))
67.0ms
(sqrt (fma c (* a -4) (* b b)))

simplify1.5s

Counts
22 → 62
Calls

22 calls. Slowest were:

206.0ms
(- (pow b 2/3) (* 4/3 (* (* a c) (pow (/ 1 (pow b 4)) 1/3))))
203.0ms
(exp (* 1/3 (- (log -4) (+ (log (/ 1 a)) (log (/ 1 c))))))
196.0ms
(+ (* (exp (* 1/6 (- (log -4) (+ (log (/ 1 a)) (log (/ 1 c)))))) (fabs (pow (fma (* -4 a) c (pow b 2)) 1/3))) b)

prune1.3s

Pruning

8 alts after pruning (7 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 11.0b

regimes392.0ms

Accuracy

91.6% (0.6b remaining)

Error of 13.3b against oracle of 12.8b and baseline of 19.3b

bsearch143.0ms

end0.0ms

sample3.3s

Algorithm
intervals