Average Error: 42.8 → 12.9
Time: 27.6s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[100 \cdot \frac{{\left(1 + \frac{i}{n}\right)}^{n} - 1}{\frac{i}{n}}\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;i \le -1.8322447925192374 \cdot 10^{-58}:\\ \;\;\;\;100 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\frac{i}{n}}{(e^{\log_* (1 + \frac{i}{n}) \cdot n} - 1)^*}}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;i \le 4.7404880186548754 \cdot 10^{-268}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{100}{(\left(\frac{i}{n}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{n} - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \left(\frac{1}{n}\right))_*}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;i \le 3.35176024751346 \cdot 10^{-09}:\\ \;\;\;\;100 \cdot \frac{1}{\log_* (1 + (e^{(\left(\frac{i}{n}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{n} - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \left(\frac{1}{n}\right))_*} - 1)^*)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{(\left({\left(\frac{i}{n}\right)}^{n}\right) \cdot 100 + -100)_*}{\frac{i}{n}}\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus i

Bits error versus n

Target

Original42.8
Target41.9
Herbie12.9
\[100 \cdot \frac{e^{n \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;1 + \frac{i}{n} = 1:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{i}{n}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{i}{n} \cdot \log \left(1 + \frac{i}{n}\right)}{\left(\frac{i}{n} + 1\right) - 1}\\ \end{array}} - 1}{\frac{i}{n}}\]

Derivation

  1. Split input into 4 regimes
  2. if i < -1.8322447925192374e-58

    1. Initial program 33.9

      \[100 \cdot \frac{{\left(1 + \frac{i}{n}\right)}^{n} - 1}{\frac{i}{n}}\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied pow-to-exp33.9

      \[\leadsto 100 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{e^{\log \left(1 + \frac{i}{n}\right) \cdot n}} - 1}{\frac{i}{n}}\]
    4. Applied expm1-def27.2

      \[\leadsto 100 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{(e^{\log \left(1 + \frac{i}{n}\right) \cdot n} - 1)^*}}{\frac{i}{n}}\]
    5. Simplified0.9

      \[\leadsto 100 \cdot \frac{(e^{\color{blue}{n \cdot \log_* (1 + \frac{i}{n})}} - 1)^*}{\frac{i}{n}}\]
    6. Using strategy rm
    7. Applied clear-num1.2

      \[\leadsto 100 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\frac{i}{n}}{(e^{n \cdot \log_* (1 + \frac{i}{n})} - 1)^*}}}\]

    if -1.8322447925192374e-58 < i < 4.7404880186548754e-268

    1. Initial program 49.3

      \[100 \cdot \frac{{\left(1 + \frac{i}{n}\right)}^{n} - 1}{\frac{i}{n}}\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied pow-to-exp49.3

      \[\leadsto 100 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{e^{\log \left(1 + \frac{i}{n}\right) \cdot n}} - 1}{\frac{i}{n}}\]
    4. Applied expm1-def44.9

      \[\leadsto 100 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{(e^{\log \left(1 + \frac{i}{n}\right) \cdot n} - 1)^*}}{\frac{i}{n}}\]
    5. Simplified30.0

      \[\leadsto 100 \cdot \frac{(e^{\color{blue}{n \cdot \log_* (1 + \frac{i}{n})}} - 1)^*}{\frac{i}{n}}\]
    6. Using strategy rm
    7. Applied clear-num30.2

      \[\leadsto 100 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\frac{i}{n}}{(e^{n \cdot \log_* (1 + \frac{i}{n})} - 1)^*}}}\]
    8. Taylor expanded around 0 14.1

      \[\leadsto 100 \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{i}{{n}^{2}} + \frac{1}{n}\right) - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{i}{n}}}\]
    9. Simplified13.3

      \[\leadsto 100 \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{(\left(\frac{i}{n}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{n} - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \left(\frac{1}{n}\right))_*}}\]
    10. Using strategy rm
    11. Applied un-div-inv13.4

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{100}{(\left(\frac{i}{n}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{n} - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \left(\frac{1}{n}\right))_*}}\]

    if 4.7404880186548754e-268 < i < 3.35176024751346e-09

    1. Initial program 49.8

      \[100 \cdot \frac{{\left(1 + \frac{i}{n}\right)}^{n} - 1}{\frac{i}{n}}\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied pow-to-exp49.8

      \[\leadsto 100 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{e^{\log \left(1 + \frac{i}{n}\right) \cdot n}} - 1}{\frac{i}{n}}\]
    4. Applied expm1-def43.9

      \[\leadsto 100 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{(e^{\log \left(1 + \frac{i}{n}\right) \cdot n} - 1)^*}}{\frac{i}{n}}\]
    5. Simplified21.8

      \[\leadsto 100 \cdot \frac{(e^{\color{blue}{n \cdot \log_* (1 + \frac{i}{n})}} - 1)^*}{\frac{i}{n}}\]
    6. Using strategy rm
    7. Applied clear-num22.0

      \[\leadsto 100 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\frac{i}{n}}{(e^{n \cdot \log_* (1 + \frac{i}{n})} - 1)^*}}}\]
    8. Taylor expanded around 0 13.1

      \[\leadsto 100 \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{i}{{n}^{2}} + \frac{1}{n}\right) - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{i}{n}}}\]
    9. Simplified12.1

      \[\leadsto 100 \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{(\left(\frac{i}{n}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{n} - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \left(\frac{1}{n}\right))_*}}\]
    10. Using strategy rm
    11. Applied log1p-expm1-u14.7

      \[\leadsto 100 \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\log_* (1 + (e^{(\left(\frac{i}{n}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{n} - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \left(\frac{1}{n}\right))_*} - 1)^*)}}\]

    if 3.35176024751346e-09 < i

    1. Initial program 32.8

      \[100 \cdot \frac{{\left(1 + \frac{i}{n}\right)}^{n} - 1}{\frac{i}{n}}\]
    2. Taylor expanded around inf 30.4

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{100 \cdot \frac{\left(e^{\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{n}\right) - \log \left(\frac{1}{i}\right)\right) \cdot n} - 1\right) \cdot n}{i}}\]
    3. Simplified32.9

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{(\left({\left(\frac{i}{n}\right)}^{n}\right) \cdot 100 + -100)_*}{\frac{i}{n}}}\]
  3. Recombined 4 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification12.9

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;i \le -1.8322447925192374 \cdot 10^{-58}:\\ \;\;\;\;100 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\frac{i}{n}}{(e^{\log_* (1 + \frac{i}{n}) \cdot n} - 1)^*}}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;i \le 4.7404880186548754 \cdot 10^{-268}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{100}{(\left(\frac{i}{n}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{n} - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \left(\frac{1}{n}\right))_*}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;i \le 3.35176024751346 \cdot 10^{-09}:\\ \;\;\;\;100 \cdot \frac{1}{\log_* (1 + (e^{(\left(\frac{i}{n}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{n} - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \left(\frac{1}{n}\right))_*} - 1)^*)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{(\left({\left(\frac{i}{n}\right)}^{n}\right) \cdot 100 + -100)_*}{\frac{i}{n}}\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019002 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (i n)
  :name "Compound Interest"

  :herbie-target
  (* 100 (/ (- (exp (* n (if (== (+ 1 (/ i n)) 1) (/ i n) (/ (* (/ i n) (log (+ 1 (/ i n)))) (- (+ (/ i n) 1) 1))))) 1) (/ i n)))

  (* 100 (/ (- (pow (+ 1 (/ i n)) n) 1) (/ i n))))

Details

Time bar (total: 26.4s)Debug log

sample389.0ms

Algorithm
intervals

simplify345.0ms

Counts
1 → 1
Calls

1 calls. Slowest were:

345.0ms
(* 100 (/ (- (pow (+ 1 (/ i n)) n) 1) (/ i n)))

prune5.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 40.8b

localize21.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

12.1b
(/ (- (pow (+ 1 (/ i n)) n) 1) (/ i n))
6.5b
(pow (+ 1 (/ i n)) n)
2.3b
(- (pow (+ 1 (/ i n)) n) 1)
0.1b
(* 100 (/ (- (pow (+ 1 (/ i n)) n) 1) (/ i n)))

rewrite57.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 122
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

19.0ms
(/ (- (pow (+ 1 (/ i n)) n) 1) (/ i n))
18.0ms
(- (pow (+ 1 (/ i n)) n) 1)
17.0ms
(* 100 (/ (- (pow (+ 1 (/ i n)) n) 1) (/ i n)))

series730.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

232.0ms
(* 100 (/ (- (pow (+ 1 (/ i n)) n) 1) (/ i n)))
220.0ms
(/ (- (pow (+ 1 (/ i n)) n) 1) (/ i n))
155.0ms
(- (pow (+ 1 (/ i n)) n) 1)
123.0ms
(pow (+ 1 (/ i n)) n)

simplify4.2s

Counts
105 → 134
Calls

105 calls. Slowest were:

385.0ms
(/ (* (- (exp (* (- (log (/ 1 n)) (log (/ 1 i))) n)) 1) n) i)
370.0ms
(/ (* (* (- (pow (+ 1 (/ i n)) n) 1) (- (pow (+ 1 (/ i n)) n) 1)) (- (pow (+ 1 (/ i n)) n) 1)) (* (* (/ i n) (/ i n)) (/ i n)))
286.0ms
(* 100 (/ (* n (- (exp (* n (- (log (/ -1 n)) (log (/ -1 i))))) 1)) i))

prune1.4s

Pruning

7 alts after pruning (7 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 11.7b

localize13.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

12.1b
(/ (expm1 (* n (log1p (/ i n)))) (/ i n))
12.1b
(* n (log1p (/ i n)))
5.8b
(log1p (/ i n))
0.1b
(* 100 (/ (expm1 (* n (log1p (/ i n)))) (/ i n)))

rewrite8.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 87
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

3.0ms
(/ (expm1 (* n (log1p (/ i n)))) (/ i n))
2.0ms
(* 100 (/ (expm1 (* n (log1p (/ i n)))) (/ i n)))
1.0ms
(* n (log1p (/ i n)))

series778.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

341.0ms
(* 100 (/ (expm1 (* n (log1p (/ i n)))) (/ i n)))
314.0ms
(/ (expm1 (* n (log1p (/ i n)))) (/ i n))
64.0ms
(* n (log1p (/ i n)))
59.0ms
(log1p (/ i n))

simplify1.1s

Counts
66 → 99
Calls

66 calls. Slowest were:

247.0ms
(/ (* (* (expm1 (* n (log1p (/ i n)))) (expm1 (* n (log1p (/ i n))))) (expm1 (* n (log1p (/ i n))))) (* (* (/ i n) (/ i n)) (/ i n)))
82.0ms
(- (log (/ -1 n)) (log (/ -1 i)))
58.0ms
(/ (* (- (exp i) 1) n) i)

prune1.1s

Pruning

10 alts after pruning (9 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 11.5b

localize8.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

12.1b
(/ (/ i n) (expm1 (* n (log1p (/ i n)))))
12.1b
(* n (log1p (/ i n)))
5.8b
(log1p (/ i n))
0.4b
(/ 1 (/ (/ i n) (expm1 (* n (log1p (/ i n))))))

rewrite11.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 91
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

6.0ms
(/ (/ i n) (expm1 (* n (log1p (/ i n)))))
2.0ms
(/ 1 (/ (/ i n) (expm1 (* n (log1p (/ i n))))))
1.0ms
(* n (log1p (/ i n)))

series792.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

511.0ms
(/ (/ i n) (expm1 (* n (log1p (/ i n)))))
196.0ms
(/ 1 (/ (/ i n) (expm1 (* n (log1p (/ i n))))))
44.0ms
(* n (log1p (/ i n)))
42.0ms
(log1p (/ i n))

simplify1.7s

Counts
65 → 103
Calls

65 calls. Slowest were:

412.0ms
(/ (* (- (exp (* (- (log (/ 1 n)) (log (/ 1 i))) n)) 1) n) i)
205.0ms
(/ (* (* (/ i n) (/ i n)) (/ i n)) (* (* (expm1 (* n (log1p (/ i n)))) (expm1 (* n (log1p (/ i n))))) (expm1 (* n (log1p (/ i n))))))
193.0ms
(/ (* n (- (exp (* n (- (log (/ -1 n)) (log (/ -1 i))))) 1)) i)

prune1.1s

Pruning

10 alts after pruning (8 fresh and 2 done)

Merged error: 0.0b

localize17.0ms

Local error

Found 3 expressions with local error:

0.3b
(/ 1 (fma (/ i n) (- (/ 1/2 n) 1/2) (/ 1 n)))
0.1b
(* 100 (/ 1 (fma (/ i n) (- (/ 1/2 n) 1/2) (/ 1 n))))
0.1b
(fma (/ i n) (- (/ 1/2 n) 1/2) (/ 1 n))

rewrite2.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
3 → 44
Calls

3 calls. Slowest were:

1.0ms
(* 100 (/ 1 (fma (/ i n) (- (/ 1/2 n) 1/2) (/ 1 n))))
1.0ms
(/ 1 (fma (/ i n) (- (/ 1/2 n) 1/2) (/ 1 n)))
0.0ms
(fma (/ i n) (- (/ 1/2 n) 1/2) (/ 1 n))

series82.0ms

Counts
3 → 9
Calls

3 calls. Slowest were:

35.0ms
(* 100 (/ 1 (fma (/ i n) (- (/ 1/2 n) 1/2) (/ 1 n))))
29.0ms
(/ 1 (fma (/ i n) (- (/ 1/2 n) 1/2) (/ 1 n)))
18.0ms
(fma (/ i n) (- (/ 1/2 n) 1/2) (/ 1 n))

simplify2.1s

Counts
19 → 53
Calls

19 calls. Slowest were:

330.0ms
(- (+ (* 200 (/ n i)) (+ (* 400 (/ n (pow i 2))) (* 200 (/ 1 i)))))
288.0ms
(- (+ (* 2 (/ n i)) (+ (* 4 (/ n (pow i 2))) (* 2 (/ 1 i)))))
277.0ms
(- (+ (* 2 (/ n i)) (+ (* 4 (/ n (pow i 2))) (* 2 (/ 1 i)))))

prune404.0ms

Pruning

11 alts after pruning (10 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 0.0b

regimes261.0ms

Accuracy

36.6% (12.8b remaining)

Error of 12.9b against oracle of 0.1b and baseline of 20.3b

bsearch827.0ms

end0.0ms

sample9.0s

Algorithm
intervals