Average Error: 52.3 → 0.1
Time: 20.8s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\]
\[-2 \cdot \frac{c}{b + \sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}\]

Error

Bits error versus a

Bits error versus b

Bits error versus c

Derivation

  1. Initial program 52.3

    \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\]
  2. Simplified52.3

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b}{2 \cdot a}}\]
  3. Using strategy rm
  4. Applied flip--52.3

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} \cdot \sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b \cdot b}{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + b}}}{2 \cdot a}\]
  5. Applied associate-/l/52.3

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} \cdot \sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b \cdot b}{\left(2 \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + b\right)}}\]
  6. Simplified0.4

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c}}{\left(2 \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + b\right)}\]
  7. Using strategy rm
  8. Applied times-frac0.1

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a \cdot -4}{2 \cdot a} \cdot \frac{c}{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + b}}\]
  9. Simplified0.1

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2} \cdot \frac{c}{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + b}\]
  10. Final simplification0.1

    \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \frac{c}{b + \sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019002 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (a b c)
  :name "Quadratic roots, wide range"
  :pre (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 a 2.028240960365167e+31) (< 4.930380657631324e-32 b 2.028240960365167e+31) (< 4.930380657631324e-32 c 2.028240960365167e+31))
  (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4 a) c)))) (* 2 a)))

Details

Time bar (total: 20.0s)Debug log

sample369.0ms

Algorithm
intervals

simplify103.0ms

Counts
1 → 1
Calls

1 calls. Slowest were:

102.0ms
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4 a) c)))) (* 2 a))

prune24.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 55.4b

localize22.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

29.8b
(- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
0.1b
(/ (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b) (* 2 a))
0.1b
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))
0.0b
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

rewrite21.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 67
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

11.0ms
(/ (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b) (* 2 a))
7.0ms
(- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
1.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

series272.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

81.0ms
(- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
79.0ms
(/ (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b) (* 2 a))
66.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))
45.0ms
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))

simplify1.4s

Counts
34 → 79
Calls

34 calls. Slowest were:

664.0ms
(- (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (* b b))
146.0ms
(- (pow (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) 3) (pow b 3))
107.0ms
(/ (* (* (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b) (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)) (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)) (* (* (* 2 a) (* 2 a)) (* 2 a)))

prune716.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0.4b

localize10.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

0.4b
(/ (* (* a -4) c) (* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))
0.1b
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))
0.1b
(+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
0.1b
(* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))

rewrite35.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 70
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

17.0ms
(* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
10.0ms
(/ (* (* a -4) c) (* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))
7.0ms
(+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)

series310.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

117.0ms
(/ (* (* a -4) c) (* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))
99.0ms
(* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
56.0ms
(+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
38.0ms
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))

simplify4.0s

Counts
37 → 82
Calls

37 calls. Slowest were:

827.0ms
(/ (* (* (* (* a -4) c) (* (* a -4) c)) (* (* a -4) c)) (* (* (* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)) (* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))) (* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))))
740.0ms
(- (log (* (* a -4) c)) (+ (log (* 2 a)) (log (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))))
710.0ms
(/ (* (* (* (* a -4) c) (* (* a -4) c)) (* (* a -4) c)) (* (* (* (* 2 a) (* 2 a)) (* 2 a)) (* (* (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))))

prune989.0ms

Pruning

5 alts after pruning (5 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0b

localize13.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

0.1b
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))
0.1b
(+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
0.1b
(/ c (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
0.0b
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

rewrite15.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 59
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

8.0ms
(+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
5.0ms
(/ c (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
2.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

series318.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

160.0ms
(/ c (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
65.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))
62.0ms
(+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
31.0ms
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))

simplify501.0ms

Counts
26 → 71
Calls

26 calls. Slowest were:

209.0ms
(+ (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (- (* b b) (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))
29.0ms
(* (cbrt (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (cbrt (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))))
28.0ms
(sqrt (* (cbrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (cbrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))))

prune764.0ms

Pruning

4 alts after pruning (3 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 0b

localize43.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

0.6b
(cbrt (fma a (* c -4) (* b b)))
0.6b
(cbrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))
0.1b
(sqrt (cbrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))))
0.1b
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))

rewrite6.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 54
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

2.0ms
(sqrt (cbrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))))
1.0ms
(cbrt (fma a (* c -4) (* b b)))
1.0ms
(cbrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

series643.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

225.0ms
(sqrt (cbrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))))
187.0ms
(cbrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))
182.0ms
(cbrt (fma a (* c -4) (* b b)))
49.0ms
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))

simplify2.0s

Counts
26 → 66
Calls

26 calls. Slowest were:

260.0ms
(exp (* 1/3 (- (log -4) (+ (log (/ 1 a)) (log (/ 1 c))))))
238.0ms
(exp (* 1/3 (- (log -4) (+ (log (/ 1 a)) (log (/ 1 c))))))
218.0ms
(- (pow b 2/3) (* 4/3 (* (* a c) (pow (/ 1 (pow b 4)) 1/3))))

prune1.0s

Pruning

4 alts after pruning (2 fresh and 2 done)

Merged error: 0b

regimes191.0ms

Accuracy

0% (0.1b remaining)

Error of 0.1b against oracle of 0.0b and baseline of 0.1b

bsearch3.0ms

end0.0ms

sample6.2s

Algorithm
intervals