Average Error: 33.5 → 27.5
Time: 1.0m
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{Om}\right) - \left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;n \le 2.9514512995526 \cdot 10^{-310}:\\ \;\;\;\;{\left(\left(\left(\left(t - \frac{\ell}{\frac{Om}{\ell}} \cdot 2\right) - \left(\left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt[3]{U - U*} \cdot \sqrt[3]{U - U*}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{U - U*}\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;{\left(U \cdot \left(\left(t - \frac{\ell}{\frac{Om}{\ell}} \cdot 2\right) - \left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot n}\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus n

Bits error versus U

Bits error versus t

Bits error versus l

Bits error versus Om

Bits error versus U*

Try it out

Your Program's Arguments

Results

Enter valid numbers for all inputs

Derivation

  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if n < 2.9514512995526e-310

    1. Initial program 33.1

      \[\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{Om}\right) - \left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied associate-/l*30.7

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}}\right) - \left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\]
    4. Using strategy rm
    5. Applied associate-*l*30.3

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}\right) - \left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)\right)}}\]
    6. Using strategy rm
    7. Applied pow1/230.3

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}\right) - \left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}\]
    8. Using strategy rm
    9. Applied add-cube-cbrt30.3

      \[\leadsto {\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}\right) - \left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sqrt[3]{U - U*} \cdot \sqrt[3]{U - U*}\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{U - U*}\right)}\right)\right)\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\]
    10. Applied associate-*r*30.3

      \[\leadsto {\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}\right) - \color{blue}{\left(\left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt[3]{U - U*} \cdot \sqrt[3]{U - U*}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{U - U*}}\right)\right)\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\]

    if 2.9514512995526e-310 < n

    1. Initial program 33.8

      \[\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{Om}\right) - \left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied associate-/l*31.2

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}}\right) - \left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\]
    4. Using strategy rm
    5. Applied associate-*l*31.4

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}\right) - \left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)\right)}}\]
    6. Using strategy rm
    7. Applied pow1/231.4

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}\right) - \left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}\]
    8. Using strategy rm
    9. Applied unpow-prod-down24.8

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(2 \cdot n\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot {\left(U \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}\right) - \left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}\]
    10. Simplified24.8

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot n}} \cdot {\left(U \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}\right) - \left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification27.5

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;n \le 2.9514512995526 \cdot 10^{-310}:\\ \;\;\;\;{\left(\left(\left(\left(t - \frac{\ell}{\frac{Om}{\ell}} \cdot 2\right) - \left(\left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt[3]{U - U*} \cdot \sqrt[3]{U - U*}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{U - U*}\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;{\left(U \cdot \left(\left(t - \frac{\ell}{\frac{Om}{\ell}} \cdot 2\right) - \left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot n}\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019002 
(FPCore (n U t l Om U*)
  :name "Toniolo and Linder, Equation (13)"
  (sqrt (* (* (* 2 n) U) (- (- t (* 2 (/ (* l l) Om))) (* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*))))))

Details

Time bar (total: 1.0m)Debug log

sample470.0ms

Algorithm
intervals

simplify88.0ms

Counts
1 → 1
Calls

1 calls. Slowest were:

87.0ms
(sqrt (* (* (* 2 n) U) (- (- t (* 2 (/ (* l l) Om))) (* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*)))))

prune24.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 31.9b

localize82.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

18.7b
(sqrt (* (* (* 2 n) U) (- (- t (* 2 (/ (* l l) Om))) (* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*)))))
10.1b
(* (* (* 2 n) U) (- (- t (* 2 (/ (* l l) Om))) (* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*))))
7.8b
(/ (* l l) Om)
6.9b
(* n (pow (/ l Om) 2))

rewrite47.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 71
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

21.0ms
(* (* (* 2 n) U) (- (- t (* 2 (/ (* l l) Om))) (* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*))))
20.0ms
(sqrt (* (* (* 2 n) U) (- (- t (* 2 (/ (* l l) Om))) (* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*)))))
2.0ms
(/ (* l l) Om)

series1.7s

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

1.3s
(sqrt (* (* (* 2 n) U) (- (- t (* 2 (/ (* l l) Om))) (* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*)))))
299.0ms
(* (* (* 2 n) U) (- (- t (* 2 (/ (* l l) Om))) (* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*))))
49.0ms
(* n (pow (/ l Om) 2))
17.0ms
(/ (* l l) Om)

simplify6.1s

Counts
48 → 83
Calls

48 calls. Slowest were:

412.0ms
(* (+ t (* 2 (/ (* l l) Om))) (+ U U*))
337.0ms
(cbrt (- (- t (* 2 (/ (* l l) Om))) (* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*))))
336.0ms
(+ (log (* (* 2 n) U)) (log (- (- t (* 2 (/ (* l l) Om))) (* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*)))))

prune1.5s

Pruning

12 alts after pruning (12 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 22.2b

localize30.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

18.7b
(sqrt (* (* (* 2 n) U) (- (- t (* 2 (/ l (/ Om l)))) (* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*)))))
10.1b
(* (* (* 2 n) U) (- (- t (* 2 (/ l (/ Om l)))) (* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*))))
6.9b
(* n (pow (/ l Om) 2))
5.0b
(* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*))

rewrite57.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 81
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

30.0ms
(* (* (* 2 n) U) (- (- t (* 2 (/ l (/ Om l)))) (* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*))))
18.0ms
(sqrt (* (* (* 2 n) U) (- (- t (* 2 (/ l (/ Om l)))) (* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*)))))
6.0ms
(* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*))

series1.8s

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

1.2s
(sqrt (* (* (* 2 n) U) (- (- t (* 2 (/ l (/ Om l)))) (* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*)))))
359.0ms
(* (* (* 2 n) U) (- (- t (* 2 (/ l (/ Om l)))) (* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*))))
112.0ms
(* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*))
39.0ms
(* n (pow (/ l Om) 2))

simplify8.9s

Counts
60 → 93
Calls

60 calls. Slowest were:

518.0ms
(sqrt (* (* (* 2 n) U) (- (pow (- t (* 2 (/ l (/ Om l)))) 3) (pow (* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*)) 3))))
368.0ms
(* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U*))
349.0ms
(sqrt (* (* (* 2 n) U) (- (* (- (pow t 3) (pow (* 2 (/ l (/ Om l))) 3)) (+ (* U U) (+ (* U* U*) (* U U*)))) (* (+ (* t t) (+ (* (* 2 (/ l (/ Om l))) (* 2 (/ l (/ Om l)))) (* t (* 2 (/ l (/ Om l)))))) (* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- (pow U 3) (pow U* 3)))))))

prune1.8s

Pruning

12 alts after pruning (12 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 20.4b

localize15.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

18.7b
(sqrt (* (* 2 n) (* U (- (- t (* 2 (/ l (/ Om l)))) (* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*))))))
6.9b
(* n (pow (/ l Om) 2))
5.0b
(* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*))
4.7b
(* U (- (- t (* 2 (/ l (/ Om l)))) (* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*))))

rewrite83.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 77
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

34.0ms
(* U (- (- t (* 2 (/ l (/ Om l)))) (* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*))))
31.0ms
(sqrt (* (* 2 n) (* U (- (- t (* 2 (/ l (/ Om l)))) (* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*))))))
13.0ms
(* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*))

series1.6s

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

1.2s
(sqrt (* (* 2 n) (* U (- (- t (* 2 (/ l (/ Om l)))) (* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*))))))
260.0ms
(* U (- (- t (* 2 (/ l (/ Om l)))) (* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*))))
75.0ms
(* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*))
44.0ms
(* n (pow (/ l Om) 2))

simplify10.8s

Counts
56 → 89
Calls

56 calls. Slowest were:

647.0ms
(- (/ (* U (* n (pow l 2))) (pow Om 2)) (/ (* n (* U* (pow l 2))) (pow Om 2)))
495.0ms
(* U (- (* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*))))
492.0ms
(* U (- (* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*))))

prune1.6s

Pruning

14 alts after pruning (14 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 17.7b

localize20.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

18.7b
(pow (* (* 2 n) (* U (- (- t (* 2 (/ l (/ Om l)))) (* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*))))) 1/2)
6.9b
(* n (pow (/ l Om) 2))
5.0b
(* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*))
4.7b
(* U (- (- t (* 2 (/ l (/ Om l)))) (* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*))))

rewrite90.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 76
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

41.0ms
(pow (* (* 2 n) (* U (- (- t (* 2 (/ l (/ Om l)))) (* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*))))) 1/2)
31.0ms
(* U (- (- t (* 2 (/ l (/ Om l)))) (* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*))))
12.0ms
(* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*))

series933.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

528.0ms
(pow (* (* 2 n) (* U (- (- t (* 2 (/ l (/ Om l)))) (* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*))))) 1/2)
272.0ms
(* U (- (- t (* 2 (/ l (/ Om l)))) (* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*))))
95.0ms
(* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*))
38.0ms
(* n (pow (/ l Om) 2))

simplify10.4s

Counts
54 → 88
Calls

54 calls. Slowest were:

593.0ms
(* U (- (* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*))))
530.0ms
(* U (- (* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*))))
452.0ms
(* (- (* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*))) U)

prune1.5s

Pruning

14 alts after pruning (14 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 17.7b

regimes1.1s

Accuracy

26.1% (9.5b remaining)

Error of 27.5b against oracle of 18.0b and baseline of 30.9b

bsearch335.0ms

end0.0ms

sample9.4s

Algorithm
intervals