Average Error: 52.6 → 0.1
Time: 25.1s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\]
\[-2 \cdot \frac{c}{b + \sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}\]

Error

Bits error versus a

Bits error versus b

Bits error versus c

Derivation

  1. Initial program 52.6

    \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\]
  2. Initial simplification52.6

    \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b}{2 \cdot a}\]
  3. Using strategy rm
  4. Applied flip--52.6

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} \cdot \sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b \cdot b}{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + b}}}{2 \cdot a}\]
  5. Applied associate-/l/52.6

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} \cdot \sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b \cdot b}{\left(2 \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + b\right)}}\]
  6. Simplified0.4

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c}}{\left(2 \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + b\right)}\]
  7. Using strategy rm
  8. Applied times-frac0.1

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a \cdot -4}{2 \cdot a} \cdot \frac{c}{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + b}}\]
  9. Simplified0.1

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2} \cdot \frac{c}{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + b}\]
  10. Final simplification0.1

    \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \frac{c}{b + \sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2018365 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (a b c)
  :name "Quadratic roots, wide range"
  :pre (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 a 2.028240960365167e+31) (< 4.930380657631324e-32 b 2.028240960365167e+31) (< 4.930380657631324e-32 c 2.028240960365167e+31))
  (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4 a) c)))) (* 2 a)))

Details

Time bar (total: 16.2s)Debug log

start426.0ms

Algorithm
intervals

setup93.0ms

Pruning

2 alts after pruning (2 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 52.4b

localize23.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

25.3b
(- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
0.1b
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))
0.1b
(/ (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b) (* 2 a))
0.0b
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

rewrite21.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 67
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

10.0ms
(/ (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b) (* 2 a))
7.0ms
(- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
1.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

series435.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

214.0ms
(- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
126.0ms
(/ (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b) (* 2 a))
50.0ms
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))
45.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

simplify1.8s

Counts
34 → 79
Calls

34 calls. Slowest were:

643.0ms
(- (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (* b b))
439.0ms
(/ (* (cbrt (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)) (cbrt (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))) 2)
109.0ms
(- (pow (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) 3) (pow b 3))

prune1.1s

Pruning

3 alts after pruning (3 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0.3b

localize19.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

0.3b
(/ (* (* a -4) c) (* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))
0.1b
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))
0.1b
(* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
0.1b
(+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)

rewrite43.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 70
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

19.0ms
(/ (* (* a -4) c) (* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))
16.0ms
(* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
7.0ms
(+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)

series321.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

135.0ms
(/ (* (* a -4) c) (* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))
98.0ms
(* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
58.0ms
(+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
28.0ms
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))

simplify3.8s

Counts
37 → 82
Calls

37 calls. Slowest were:

710.0ms
(/ (* (* (* (* a -4) c) (* (* a -4) c)) (* (* a -4) c)) (* (* (* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)) (* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))) (* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))))
709.0ms
(- (log (* (* a -4) c)) (+ (log (* 2 a)) (log (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))))
645.0ms
(/ (* (* (* (* a -4) c) (* (* a -4) c)) (* (* a -4) c)) (* (* (* (* 2 a) (* 2 a)) (* 2 a)) (* (* (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))))

prune1.3s

Pruning

4 alts after pruning (4 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0.0b

localize6.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

0.1b
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))
0.1b
(+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
0.0b
(/ c (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
0.0b
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

rewrite7.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 59
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

4.0ms
(+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
2.0ms
(/ c (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
1.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

series315.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

146.0ms
(/ c (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
80.0ms
(+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
46.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))
42.0ms
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))

simplify703.0ms

Counts
26 → 71
Calls

26 calls. Slowest were:

300.0ms
(+ (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (- (* b b) (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))
49.0ms
(- (pow b 2) (* 4 (* a c)))
37.0ms
(- (pow b 2) (* 4 (* a c)))

prune875.0ms

Pruning

4 alts after pruning (3 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 0b

localize20.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

0.3b
(/ (* (* a -4) c) (+ (* (* 2 a) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (* (* 2 a) b)))
0.1b
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))
0.1b
(+ (* (* 2 a) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (* (* 2 a) b))
0.0b
(* (* 2 a) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))))

rewrite39.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 70
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

19.0ms
(/ (* (* a -4) c) (+ (* (* 2 a) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (* (* 2 a) b)))
11.0ms
(+ (* (* 2 a) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (* (* 2 a) b))
8.0ms
(* (* 2 a) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))))

series413.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

220.0ms
(/ (* (* a -4) c) (+ (* (* 2 a) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (* (* 2 a) b)))
80.0ms
(+ (* (* 2 a) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (* (* 2 a) b))
76.0ms
(* (* 2 a) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))))
38.0ms
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))

simplify2.9s

Counts
42 → 82
Calls

42 calls. Slowest were:

778.0ms
(* (* (* (* 2 a) (* 2 a)) (* 2 a)) (* (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))))
486.0ms
(/ (* (* (* (* a -4) c) (* (* a -4) c)) (* (* a -4) c)) (* (* (+ (* (* 2 a) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (* (* 2 a) b)) (+ (* (* 2 a) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (* (* 2 a) b))) (+ (* (* 2 a) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (* (* 2 a) b))))
209.0ms
(- (log (* (* a -4) c)) (log (+ (* (* 2 a) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (* (* 2 a) b))))

prune1.2s

Pruning

4 alts after pruning (2 fresh and 2 done)

Merged error: 0b

regimes237.0ms

Accuracy

0% (0.1b remaining)

Error of 0.1b against oracle of 0.0b and baseline of 0.1b

bsearch3.0ms