Average Error: 36.6 → 0.6
Time: 48.3s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x\]
\[(\left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x}\right)}\right) + \left(\frac{(\left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) + 1)_* \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x}\right)}\right))_* + \left(\frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x}\right)} - \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)\]

Error

Bits error versus x

Bits error versus eps

Target

Original36.6
Target15.1
Herbie0.6
\[\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}\]

Derivation

  1. Initial program 36.6

    \[\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x\]
  2. Initial simplification36.6

    \[\leadsto \tan \left(\varepsilon + x\right) - \tan x\]
  3. Using strategy rm
  4. Applied tan-sum21.4

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\tan \varepsilon + \tan x}{1 - \tan \varepsilon \cdot \tan x}} - \tan x\]
  5. Using strategy rm
  6. Applied flip--21.4

    \[\leadsto \frac{\tan \varepsilon + \tan x}{\color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot 1 - \left(\tan \varepsilon \cdot \tan x\right) \cdot \left(\tan \varepsilon \cdot \tan x\right)}{1 + \tan \varepsilon \cdot \tan x}}} - \tan x\]
  7. Applied associate-/r/21.4

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\tan \varepsilon + \tan x}{1 \cdot 1 - \left(\tan \varepsilon \cdot \tan x\right) \cdot \left(\tan \varepsilon \cdot \tan x\right)} \cdot \left(1 + \tan \varepsilon \cdot \tan x\right)} - \tan x\]
  8. Applied fma-neg21.4

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{(\left(\frac{\tan \varepsilon + \tan x}{1 \cdot 1 - \left(\tan \varepsilon \cdot \tan x\right) \cdot \left(\tan \varepsilon \cdot \tan x\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \tan \varepsilon \cdot \tan x\right) + \left(-\tan x\right))_*}\]
  9. Simplified21.4

    \[\leadsto (\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\tan \varepsilon + \tan x}{1 - \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)}\right)} \cdot \left(1 + \tan \varepsilon \cdot \tan x\right) + \left(-\tan x\right))_*\]
  10. Taylor expanded around inf 21.6

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^{2}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{2}}\right)} + \left(\frac{\sin x \cdot {\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^{2}}{\cos x \cdot \left({\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^{2}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{2} \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^{2}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)} + \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^{2}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right)\right) - \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}\]
  11. Simplified0.6

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{(\left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x}\right)}\right) + \left(\frac{(\left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) + 1)_* \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x}\right)}\right))_* + \left(\frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x}\right)} - \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)}\]
  12. Final simplification0.6

    \[\leadsto (\left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x}\right)}\right) + \left(\frac{(\left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) + 1)_* \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x}\right)}\right))_* + \left(\frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x}\right)} - \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2018365 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (x eps)
  :name "2tan (problem 3.3.2)"

  :herbie-target
  (/ (sin eps) (* (cos x) (cos (+ x eps))))

  (- (tan (+ x eps)) (tan x)))

Details

Time bar (total: 34.1s)Debug log

start533.0ms

Algorithm
intervals

setup11.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 38.8b

localize17.0ms

Local error

Found 2 expressions with local error:

3.2b
(tan (+ eps x))
1.4b
(- (tan (+ eps x)) (tan x))

rewrite16.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
2 → 41
Calls

2 calls. Slowest were:

13.0ms
(- (tan (+ eps x)) (tan x))
3.0ms
(tan (+ eps x))

series195.0ms

Counts
2 → 6
Calls

2 calls. Slowest were:

109.0ms
(- (tan (+ eps x)) (tan x))
86.0ms
(tan (+ eps x))

simplify1.1s

Counts
35 → 47
Calls

35 calls. Slowest were:

233.0ms
(- (* (+ (tan eps) (tan x)) (cos x)) (* (- 1 (* (tan eps) (tan x))) (sin x)))
161.0ms
(+ (* x (pow eps 2)) (+ (* 1/3 (pow eps 3)) eps))
136.0ms
(* (- 1 (* (tan eps) (tan x))) (cos x))

prune527.0ms

Pruning

8 alts after pruning (8 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 13.7b

localize35.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

4.0b
(- (/ (+ (tan eps) (tan x)) (- 1 (* (tan eps) (tan x)))) (tan x))
0.2b
(* (tan eps) (tan x))
0.1b
(+ (tan eps) (tan x))
0.1b
(/ (+ (tan eps) (tan x)) (- 1 (* (tan eps) (tan x))))

rewrite73.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 168
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

41.0ms
(- (/ (+ (tan eps) (tan x)) (- 1 (* (tan eps) (tan x)))) (tan x))
20.0ms
(/ (+ (tan eps) (tan x)) (- 1 (* (tan eps) (tan x))))
4.0ms
(* (tan eps) (tan x))

series884.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

405.0ms
(- (/ (+ (tan eps) (tan x)) (- 1 (* (tan eps) (tan x)))) (tan x))
274.0ms
(/ (+ (tan eps) (tan x)) (- 1 (* (tan eps) (tan x))))
104.0ms
(+ (tan eps) (tan x))
100.0ms
(* (tan eps) (tan x))

simplify15.0s

Counts
199 → 180
Calls

199 calls. Slowest were:

550.0ms
(fma (/ 1 (* (cbrt (- 1 (* (tan eps) (tan x)))) (cbrt (- 1 (* (tan eps) (tan x)))))) (/ (+ (tan eps) (tan x)) (cbrt (- 1 (* (tan eps) (tan x))))) (- (* (tan x) 1)))
534.0ms
(fma (/ 1 (* (cbrt (- 1 (* (tan eps) (tan x)))) (cbrt (- 1 (* (tan eps) (tan x)))))) (/ (+ (tan eps) (tan x)) (cbrt (- 1 (* (tan eps) (tan x))))) (- (* (tan x) 1)))
525.0ms
(fma (/ 1 (* (cbrt (- 1 (* (tan eps) (tan x)))) (cbrt (- 1 (* (tan eps) (tan x)))))) (/ (+ (tan eps) (tan x)) (cbrt (- 1 (* (tan eps) (tan x))))) (- (* (sqrt (tan x)) (sqrt (tan x)))))

prune2.4s

Pruning

17 alts after pruning (17 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 13.5b

localize53.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

4.0b
(fma (/ (+ (tan eps) (tan x)) (- (pow 1 3) (pow (* (tan eps) (tan x)) 3))) (+ (* 1 1) (+ (* (* (tan eps) (tan x)) (* (tan eps) (tan x))) (* 1 (* (tan eps) (tan x))))) (- (tan x)))
0.3b
(pow (* (tan eps) (tan x)) 3)
0.3b
(* (* (tan eps) (tan x)) (* (tan eps) (tan x)))
0.2b
(* (tan eps) (tan x))

rewrite25.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 101
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

16.0ms
(* (* (tan eps) (tan x)) (* (tan eps) (tan x)))
4.0ms
(* (tan eps) (tan x))
3.0ms
(pow (* (tan eps) (tan x)) 3)

series1.2s

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

837.0ms
(fma (/ (+ (tan eps) (tan x)) (- (pow 1 3) (pow (* (tan eps) (tan x)) 3))) (+ (* 1 1) (+ (* (* (tan eps) (tan x)) (* (tan eps) (tan x))) (* 1 (* (tan eps) (tan x))))) (- (tan x)))
126.0ms
(pow (* (tan eps) (tan x)) 3)
112.0ms
(* (* (tan eps) (tan x)) (* (tan eps) (tan x)))
101.0ms
(* (tan eps) (tan x))

simplify4.7s

Counts
83 → 113
Calls

83 calls. Slowest were:

868.0ms
(* (* (* (* (tan eps) (tan x)) (* (tan eps) (tan x))) (* (tan eps) (tan x))) (* (* (* (tan eps) (tan eps)) (tan eps)) (* (* (tan x) (tan x)) (tan x))))
545.0ms
(* (* (* (* (tan eps) (tan x)) (* (tan eps) (tan x))) (* (tan eps) (tan x))) (* (* (* (tan eps) (tan x)) (* (tan eps) (tan x))) (* (tan eps) (tan x))))
493.0ms
(* (* (* (* (tan eps) (tan eps)) (tan eps)) (* (* (tan x) (tan x)) (tan x))) (* (* (* (tan eps) (tan x)) (* (tan eps) (tan x))) (* (tan eps) (tan x))))

prune1.6s

Pruning

16 alts after pruning (16 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 13.5b

localize25.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

4.0b
(fma (/ (+ (tan eps) (tan x)) (- 1 (* (* (tan x) (tan eps)) (* (tan x) (tan eps))))) (+ 1 (* (tan eps) (tan x))) (- (tan x)))
0.3b
(* (* (tan x) (tan eps)) (* (tan x) (tan eps)))
0.2b
(* (tan x) (tan eps))
0.2b
(* (tan x) (tan eps))

rewrite32.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 100
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

22.0ms
(* (* (tan x) (tan eps)) (* (tan x) (tan eps)))
4.0ms
(* (tan x) (tan eps))
4.0ms
(* (tan x) (tan eps))

series734.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

479.0ms
(fma (/ (+ (tan eps) (tan x)) (- 1 (* (* (tan x) (tan eps)) (* (tan x) (tan eps))))) (+ 1 (* (tan eps) (tan x))) (- (tan x)))
93.0ms
(* (* (tan x) (tan eps)) (* (tan x) (tan eps)))
82.0ms
(* (tan x) (tan eps))
80.0ms
(* (tan x) (tan eps))

simplify3.7s

Counts
84 → 112
Calls

84 calls. Slowest were:

454.0ms
(* (* (* (* (tan x) (tan x)) (tan x)) (* (* (tan eps) (tan eps)) (tan eps))) (* (* (* (tan x) (tan eps)) (* (tan x) (tan eps))) (* (tan x) (tan eps))))
445.0ms
(* (* (* (* (tan x) (tan eps)) (* (tan x) (tan eps))) (* (tan x) (tan eps))) (* (* (* (tan x) (tan x)) (tan x)) (* (* (tan eps) (tan eps)) (tan eps))))
410.0ms
(* (* (* (* (tan x) (tan eps)) (* (tan x) (tan eps))) (* (tan x) (tan eps))) (* (* (* (tan x) (tan eps)) (* (tan x) (tan eps))) (* (tan x) (tan eps))))

prune1.1s

Pruning

12 alts after pruning (12 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0.3b

regimes173.0ms

Accuracy

0% (0.3b remaining)

Error of 0.6b against oracle of 0.3b and baseline of 0.6b

bsearch3.0ms