Average Error: 52.8 → 0.1
Time: 23.2s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\]
\[\frac{c}{(\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}\right) + b)_*} \cdot -2\]

Error

Bits error versus a

Bits error versus b

Bits error versus c

Derivation

  1. Initial program 52.8

    \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\]
  2. Initial simplification52.8

    \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b}{2 \cdot a}\]
  3. Using strategy rm
  4. Applied flip--52.8

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} \cdot \sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b \cdot b}{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + b}}}{2 \cdot a}\]
  5. Applied associate-/l/52.8

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} \cdot \sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b \cdot b}{\left(2 \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + b\right)}}\]
  6. Simplified0.4

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c}}{\left(2 \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + b\right)}\]
  7. Using strategy rm
  8. Applied times-frac0.1

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a \cdot -4}{2 \cdot a} \cdot \frac{c}{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + b}}\]
  9. Simplified0.1

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2} \cdot \frac{c}{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + b}\]
  10. Using strategy rm
  11. Applied add-sqr-sqrt0.1

    \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \frac{c}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} \cdot \sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}} + b}\]
  12. Applied sqrt-prod0.3

    \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \frac{c}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}} + b}\]
  13. Applied fma-def0.1

    \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \frac{c}{\color{blue}{(\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}\right) + b)_*}}\]
  14. Final simplification0.1

    \[\leadsto \frac{c}{(\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}\right) + b)_*} \cdot -2\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2018362 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (a b c)
  :name "Quadratic roots, wide range"
  :pre (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 a 2.028240960365167e+31) (< 4.930380657631324e-32 b 2.028240960365167e+31) (< 4.930380657631324e-32 c 2.028240960365167e+31))
  (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4 a) c)))) (* 2 a)))

Details

Time bar (total: 13.7s)Debug log

start607.0ms

Algorithm
intervals

setup211.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 52.4b

localize85.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

27.5b
(- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
0.1b
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))
0.1b
(/ (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b) (* 2 a))
0.0b
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

rewrite43.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 67
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

18.0ms
(/ (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b) (* 2 a))
14.0ms
(- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
1.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

series205.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

74.0ms
(/ (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b) (* 2 a))
61.0ms
(- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
41.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))
29.0ms
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))

simplify1.4s

Counts
34 → 79
Calls

34 calls. Slowest were:

730.0ms
(- (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (* b b))
133.0ms
(- (pow (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) 3) (pow b 3))
65.0ms
(/ (* (* (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b) (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)) (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)) (* (* (* 2 a) (* 2 a)) (* 2 a)))

prune865.0ms

Pruning

4 alts after pruning (4 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0.3b

localize21.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

0.3b
(/ (* (* a -4) c) (* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))
0.1b
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))
0.1b
(+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
0.1b
(* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))

rewrite31.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 70
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

18.0ms
(/ (* (* a -4) c) (* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))
8.0ms
(* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
4.0ms
(+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)

series370.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

123.0ms
(/ (* (* a -4) c) (* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))
118.0ms
(* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
81.0ms
(+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
48.0ms
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))

simplify3.8s

Counts
37 → 82
Calls

37 calls. Slowest were:

697.0ms
(/ (* (* (* (* a -4) c) (* (* a -4) c)) (* (* a -4) c)) (* (* (* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)) (* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))) (* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))))
681.0ms
(- (log (* (* a -4) c)) (+ (log (* 2 a)) (log (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))))
564.0ms
(/ (* (* (* (* a -4) c) (* (* a -4) c)) (* (* a -4) c)) (* (* (* (* 2 a) (* 2 a)) (* 2 a)) (* (* (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))))

prune1.2s

Pruning

7 alts after pruning (7 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0.0b

localize6.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

0.1b
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))
0.1b
(/ c (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
0.1b
(+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
0.0b
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

rewrite8.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 59
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

4.0ms
(+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
2.0ms
(/ c (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
1.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

series311.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

144.0ms
(/ c (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
66.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))
62.0ms
(+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
38.0ms
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))

simplify530.0ms

Counts
26 → 71
Calls

26 calls. Slowest were:

234.0ms
(+ (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (- (* b b) (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))
45.0ms
(- (pow b 2) (* 4 (* a c)))
30.0ms
(- (pow b 2) (* 4 (* a c)))

prune1.1s

Pruning

6 alts after pruning (6 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0b

localize11.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

0.1b
(fma (sqrt (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (sqrt (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) b)
0.1b
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))
0.1b
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))
0.1b
(/ c (fma (sqrt (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (sqrt (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) b))

rewrite1.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 45
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

0.0ms
(/ c (fma (sqrt (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (sqrt (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) b))
0.0ms
(fma (sqrt (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (sqrt (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) b)
0.0ms
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))

series682.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

330.0ms
(fma (sqrt (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (sqrt (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) b)
277.0ms
(/ c (fma (sqrt (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (sqrt (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) b))
42.0ms
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))
32.0ms
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))

simplify1.1s

Counts
15 → 57
Calls

15 calls. Slowest were:

321.0ms
(+ (pow (exp (* 1/4 (- (log -4) (+ (log (/ 1 a)) (log (/ 1 c)))))) 2) b)
191.0ms
(- (/ c b) (+ (* 1/4 (/ (pow (exp (* 1/4 (- (log -4) (+ (log (/ -1 c)) (log (/ -1 a)))))) 4) (* a b))) (/ (* c (pow (exp (* 1/4 (- (log -4) (+ (log (/ -1 c)) (log (/ -1 a)))))) 2)) (pow b 2))))
176.0ms
(- (/ c b) (+ (/ (* (pow (exp (* 1/4 (- (log -4) (+ (log (/ 1 a)) (log (/ 1 c)))))) 2) c) (pow b 2)) (* 1/4 (/ (pow (exp (* 1/4 (- (log -4) (+ (log (/ 1 a)) (log (/ 1 c)))))) 4) (* a b)))))

prune868.0ms

Pruning

6 alts after pruning (5 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 0b

regimes233.0ms

Accuracy

0% (0.1b remaining)

Error of 0.1b against oracle of 0.0b and baseline of 0.1b

bsearch2.0ms