Average Error: 58.0 → 0.7
Time: 11.4s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\frac{e^{x} - e^{-x}}{2}\]
\[\frac{{x}^{5} \cdot \frac{1}{60} + \left(2 \cdot x + \frac{1}{3} \cdot {x}^{3}\right)}{2}\]

Error

Bits error versus x

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Your Program's Arguments

Results

Enter valid numbers for all inputs

Derivation

  1. Initial program 58.0

    \[\frac{e^{x} - e^{-x}}{2}\]
  2. Taylor expanded around 0 0.7

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{2 \cdot x + \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot {x}^{3} + \frac{1}{60} \cdot {x}^{5}\right)}}{2}\]
  3. Simplified0.7

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{(\left((\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right) + 2)_*\right) \cdot x + \left({x}^{5} \cdot \frac{1}{60}\right))_*}}{2}\]
  4. Using strategy rm
  5. Applied fma-udef0.7

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right) + 2)_* \cdot x + {x}^{5} \cdot \frac{1}{60}}}{2}\]
  6. Taylor expanded around -inf 0.7

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot x + \frac{1}{3} \cdot {x}^{3}\right)} + {x}^{5} \cdot \frac{1}{60}}{2}\]
  7. Final simplification0.7

    \[\leadsto \frac{{x}^{5} \cdot \frac{1}{60} + \left(2 \cdot x + \frac{1}{3} \cdot {x}^{3}\right)}{2}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2018362 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (x)
  :name "Hyperbolic sine"
  (/ (- (exp x) (exp (- x))) 2))

Details

Time bar (total: 3.3s)Debug log

start206.0ms

Algorithm
intervals

setup79.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 58.7b

localize26.0ms

Local error

Found 1 expressions with local error:

7.2b
(- (exp x) (exp (- x)))

rewrite10.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
1 → 28
Calls

1 calls. Slowest were:

10.0ms
(- (exp x) (exp (- x)))

series46.0ms

Counts
1 → 3
Calls

1 calls. Slowest were:

46.0ms
(- (exp x) (exp (- x)))

simplify667.0ms

Counts
27 → 31
Calls

27 calls. Slowest were:

72.0ms
(+ (* 2 x) (+ (* 1/3 (pow x 3)) (* 1/60 (pow x 5))))
67.0ms
(fma 1 (exp x) (- (* (exp (- x)) 1)))
51.0ms
(fma (sqrt (exp x)) (sqrt (exp x)) (- (* (exp (- x)) 1)))

prune318.0ms

Pruning

3 alts after pruning (3 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0.0b

localize20.0ms

Local error

Found 2 expressions with local error:

0.1b
(* (pow x 5) 1/60)
0.0b
(fma (fma 1/3 (* x x) 2) x (* (pow x 5) 1/60))

rewrite5.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
2 → 23
Calls

2 calls. Slowest were:

4.0ms
(* (pow x 5) 1/60)
0.0ms
(fma (fma 1/3 (* x x) 2) x (* (pow x 5) 1/60))

series63.0ms

Counts
2 → 6
Calls

2 calls. Slowest were:

34.0ms
(* (pow x 5) 1/60)
29.0ms
(fma (fma 1/3 (* x x) 2) x (* (pow x 5) 1/60))

simplify207.0ms

Counts
8 → 29
Calls

8 calls. Slowest were:

79.0ms
(+ (* 2 x) (+ (* 1/3 (pow x 3)) (* 1/60 (pow x 5))))
61.0ms
(+ (* 2 x) (+ (* 1/3 (pow x 3)) (* 1/60 (pow x 5))))
58.0ms
(+ (* 2 x) (+ (* 1/3 (pow x 3)) (* 1/60 (pow x 5))))

prune359.0ms

Pruning

3 alts after pruning (3 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0.0b

localize9.0ms

Local error

Found 2 expressions with local error:

0.1b
(* (pow x 5) 1/60)
0.0b
(* (fma 1/3 (* x x) 2) x)

rewrite5.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
2 → 26
Calls

2 calls. Slowest were:

3.0ms
(* (fma 1/3 (* x x) 2) x)
2.0ms
(* (pow x 5) 1/60)

series55.0ms

Counts
2 → 6
Calls

2 calls. Slowest were:

35.0ms
(* (fma 1/3 (* x x) 2) x)
20.0ms
(* (pow x 5) 1/60)

simplify106.0ms

Counts
10 → 32
Calls

10 calls. Slowest were:

30.0ms
(+ (* 2 x) (* 1/3 (pow x 3)))
22.0ms
(+ (* 2 x) (* 1/3 (pow x 3)))
21.0ms
(+ (* 2 x) (* 1/3 (pow x 3)))

prune448.0ms

Pruning

3 alts after pruning (3 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0.0b

localize26.0ms

Local error

Found 2 expressions with local error:

0.1b
(* 1/3 (pow x 3))
0.1b
(* (pow x 5) 1/60)

rewrite4.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
2 → 28
Calls

2 calls. Slowest were:

2.0ms
(* (pow x 5) 1/60)
1.0ms
(* 1/3 (pow x 3))

series49.0ms

Counts
2 → 6
Calls

2 calls. Slowest were:

33.0ms
(* (pow x 5) 1/60)
16.0ms
(* 1/3 (pow x 3))

simplify30.0ms

Counts
12 → 34
Calls

12 calls. Slowest were:

5.0ms
(* 1/3 (pow x 3))
5.0ms
(* 1/3 (pow x 3))
5.0ms
(* 1/3 (pow x 3))

prune437.0ms

Pruning

3 alts after pruning (2 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 0.0b

regimes98.0ms

Accuracy

0% (0.7b remaining)

Error of 0.7b against oracle of 0.0b and baseline of 0.7b

bsearch2.0ms