Average Error: 29.0 → 0.0
Time: 17.4s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\frac{2}{1 + e^{-2 \cdot x}} - 1\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \le -0.007686048224427534 \lor \neg \left(x \le 0.0023370395689180524\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{2}{e^{-2 \cdot x} + 1} \cdot \frac{2}{e^{-2 \cdot x} + 1} - 1}{1 + \frac{2}{e^{-2 \cdot x} + 1}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{2}{15} \cdot {x}^{5} + x\right) - {x}^{3} \cdot \frac{1}{3}\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus x

Bits error versus y

Try it out

Your Program's Arguments

Results

Enter valid numbers for all inputs

Derivation

  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if x < -0.007686048224427534 or 0.0023370395689180524 < x

    1. Initial program 0.0

      \[\frac{2}{1 + e^{-2 \cdot x}} - 1\]
    2. Initial simplification0.0

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{1 + e^{-2 \cdot x}} - 1\]
    3. Using strategy rm
    4. Applied flip--0.0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{2}{1 + e^{-2 \cdot x}} \cdot \frac{2}{1 + e^{-2 \cdot x}} - 1 \cdot 1}{\frac{2}{1 + e^{-2 \cdot x}} + 1}}\]

    if -0.007686048224427534 < x < 0.0023370395689180524

    1. Initial program 59.1

      \[\frac{2}{1 + e^{-2 \cdot x}} - 1\]
    2. Initial simplification59.1

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{1 + e^{-2 \cdot x}} - 1\]
    3. Taylor expanded around 0 0.0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(x + \frac{2}{15} \cdot {x}^{5}\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot {x}^{3}}\]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification0.0

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \le -0.007686048224427534 \lor \neg \left(x \le 0.0023370395689180524\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{2}{e^{-2 \cdot x} + 1} \cdot \frac{2}{e^{-2 \cdot x} + 1} - 1}{1 + \frac{2}{e^{-2 \cdot x} + 1}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{2}{15} \cdot {x}^{5} + x\right) - {x}^{3} \cdot \frac{1}{3}\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2018362 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (x y)
  :name "Logistic function from Lakshay Garg"
  (- (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x)))) 1))

Details

Time bar (total: 13.0s)Debug log

start128.0ms

Algorithm
intervals

setup26.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 32.0b

localize54.0ms

Local error

Found 2 expressions with local error:

3.6b
(- (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x)))) 1)
0.0b
(/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x))))

rewrite14.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
2 → 38
Calls

2 calls. Slowest were:

12.0ms
(- (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x)))) 1)
1.0ms
(/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x))))

series68.0ms

Counts
2 → 6
Calls

2 calls. Slowest were:

52.0ms
(- (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x)))) 1)
16.0ms
(/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x))))

simplify516.0ms

Counts
17 → 44
Calls

17 calls. Slowest were:

149.0ms
(+ (* 1 1) (- (* (exp (* -2 x)) (exp (* -2 x))) (* 1 (exp (* -2 x)))))
137.0ms
(- (+ x (* 2/15 (pow x 5))) (* 1/3 (pow x 3)))
44.0ms
(- (* 2 (/ 1 (+ (exp (* -2 x)) 1))) 1)

prune514.0ms

Pruning

2 alts after pruning (2 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0b

localize19.0ms

Local error

Found 3 expressions with local error:

19.0b
(- (+ x (* 2/15 (pow x 5))) (* 1/3 (pow x 3)))
0.1b
(* 1/3 (pow x 3))
0.1b
(* 2/15 (pow x 5))

rewrite11.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
3 → 49
Calls

3 calls. Slowest were:

5.0ms
(- (+ x (* 2/15 (pow x 5))) (* 1/3 (pow x 3)))
2.0ms
(* 1/3 (pow x 3))
2.0ms
(* 2/15 (pow x 5))

series85.0ms

Counts
3 → 9
Calls

3 calls. Slowest were:

40.0ms
(- (+ x (* 2/15 (pow x 5))) (* 1/3 (pow x 3)))
29.0ms
(* 2/15 (pow x 5))
15.0ms
(* 1/3 (pow x 3))

simplify1.0s

Counts
25 → 58
Calls

25 calls. Slowest were:

181.0ms
(fma 1 (+ x (* 2/15 (pow x 5))) (- (* (pow x 3) 1/3)))
143.0ms
(/ (exp (+ x (* 2/15 (pow x 5)))) (exp (* 1/3 (pow x 3))))
143.0ms
(- (+ x (* 2/15 (pow x 5))) (* 1/3 (pow x 3)))

prune880.0ms

Pruning

2 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 0b

localize29.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

3.5b
(- (* (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x)))) (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x))))) (* 1 1))
0.0b
(* (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x)))) (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x)))))
0.0b
(/ (- (* (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x)))) (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x))))) (* 1 1)) (+ (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x)))) 1))
0.0b
(/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x))))

rewrite48.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 103
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

28.0ms
(/ (- (* (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x)))) (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x))))) (* 1 1)) (+ (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x)))) 1))
11.0ms
(- (* (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x)))) (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x))))) (* 1 1))
7.0ms
(* (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x)))) (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x)))))

series204.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

118.0ms
(/ (- (* (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x)))) (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x))))) (* 1 1)) (+ (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x)))) 1))
36.0ms
(* (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x)))) (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x)))))
35.0ms
(- (* (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x)))) (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x))))) (* 1 1))
15.0ms
(/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x))))

simplify7.6s

Counts
80 → 115
Calls

80 calls. Slowest were:

1.1s
(* (* (* (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x)))) (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x))))) (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x))))) (* (* (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x)))) (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x))))) (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x))))))
802.0ms
(/ (* (* (- (* (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x)))) (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x))))) (* 1 1)) (- (* (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x)))) (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x))))) (* 1 1))) (- (* (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x)))) (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x))))) (* 1 1))) (* (* (+ (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x)))) 1) (+ (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x)))) 1)) (+ (/ 2 (+ 1 (exp (* -2 x)))) 1)))
475.0ms
(/ (- (* 4 (/ 1 (pow (+ (exp (* -2 x)) 1) 2))) 1) (+ (* 2 (/ 1 (+ (exp (* -2 x)) 1))) 1))

prune1.3s

Pruning

2 alts after pruning (0 fresh and 2 done)

Merged error: 0b

regimes218.0ms

Accuracy

100% (0.0b remaining)

Error of 0.0b against oracle of 0.0b and baseline of 31.6b

bsearch251.0ms