Average Error: 59.7 → 0.8
Time: 1.8m
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right)\]
\[\left(\log \left(\frac{\sqrt[3]{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot \left(-f\right)} + e^{f \cdot \frac{\pi}{4}}}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right) + \left(\frac{1}{61440} \cdot \left({f}^{5} \cdot {\pi}^{5}\right) + \frac{1}{192} \cdot \left({f}^{3} \cdot {\pi}^{3}\right)\right)}} \cdot \frac{\sqrt[3]{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot \left(-f\right)} + e^{f \cdot \frac{\pi}{4}}} \cdot \sqrt[3]{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot \left(-f\right)} + e^{f \cdot \frac{\pi}{4}}}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right) + \left(\frac{1}{61440} \cdot \left({f}^{5} \cdot {\pi}^{5}\right) + \frac{1}{192} \cdot \left({f}^{3} \cdot {\pi}^{3}\right)\right)}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}}}\right) \cdot \left(-\sqrt{\frac{4}{\pi}}\right)\]

Error

Bits error versus f

Try it out

Your Program's Arguments

Results

Enter valid numbers for all inputs

Derivation

  1. Initial program 59.7

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right)\]
  2. Taylor expanded around 0 0.8

    \[\leadsto -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right) + \left(\frac{1}{192} \cdot \left({f}^{3} \cdot {\pi}^{3}\right) + \frac{1}{61440} \cdot \left({f}^{5} \cdot {\pi}^{5}\right)\right)}}\right)\]
  3. Using strategy rm
  4. Applied add-sqr-sqrt1.1

    \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}}}\right)} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right) + \left(\frac{1}{192} \cdot \left({f}^{3} \cdot {\pi}^{3}\right) + \frac{1}{61440} \cdot \left({f}^{5} \cdot {\pi}^{5}\right)\right)}\right)\]
  5. Applied associate-*l*0.8

    \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right) + \left(\frac{1}{192} \cdot \left({f}^{3} \cdot {\pi}^{3}\right) + \frac{1}{61440} \cdot \left({f}^{5} \cdot {\pi}^{5}\right)\right)}\right)\right)}\]
  6. Simplified0.8

    \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{4}{\pi}}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right) + \left(\frac{1}{192} \cdot \left({f}^{3} \cdot {\pi}^{3}\right) + \frac{1}{61440} \cdot \left({f}^{5} \cdot {\pi}^{5}\right)\right)}\right)\right)\]
  7. Using strategy rm
  8. Applied add-sqr-sqrt0.8

    \[\leadsto -\sqrt{\frac{4}{\pi}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right) + \left(\frac{1}{192} \cdot \left({f}^{3} \cdot {\pi}^{3}\right) + \frac{1}{61440} \cdot \left({f}^{5} \cdot {\pi}^{5}\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right) + \left(\frac{1}{192} \cdot \left({f}^{3} \cdot {\pi}^{3}\right) + \frac{1}{61440} \cdot \left({f}^{5} \cdot {\pi}^{5}\right)\right)}}}\right)\right)\]
  9. Applied add-cube-cbrt0.8

    \[\leadsto -\sqrt{\frac{4}{\pi}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt[3]{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}} \cdot \sqrt[3]{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right) + \left(\frac{1}{192} \cdot \left({f}^{3} \cdot {\pi}^{3}\right) + \frac{1}{61440} \cdot \left({f}^{5} \cdot {\pi}^{5}\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right) + \left(\frac{1}{192} \cdot \left({f}^{3} \cdot {\pi}^{3}\right) + \frac{1}{61440} \cdot \left({f}^{5} \cdot {\pi}^{5}\right)\right)}}\right)\right)\]
  10. Applied times-frac0.8

    \[\leadsto -\sqrt{\frac{4}{\pi}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}}} \cdot \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\sqrt[3]{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}} \cdot \sqrt[3]{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right) + \left(\frac{1}{192} \cdot \left({f}^{3} \cdot {\pi}^{3}\right) + \frac{1}{61440} \cdot \left({f}^{5} \cdot {\pi}^{5}\right)\right)}} \cdot \frac{\sqrt[3]{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right) + \left(\frac{1}{192} \cdot \left({f}^{3} \cdot {\pi}^{3}\right) + \frac{1}{61440} \cdot \left({f}^{5} \cdot {\pi}^{5}\right)\right)}}\right)}\right)\]
  11. Final simplification0.8

    \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(\frac{\sqrt[3]{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot \left(-f\right)} + e^{f \cdot \frac{\pi}{4}}}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right) + \left(\frac{1}{61440} \cdot \left({f}^{5} \cdot {\pi}^{5}\right) + \frac{1}{192} \cdot \left({f}^{3} \cdot {\pi}^{3}\right)\right)}} \cdot \frac{\sqrt[3]{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot \left(-f\right)} + e^{f \cdot \frac{\pi}{4}}} \cdot \sqrt[3]{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot \left(-f\right)} + e^{f \cdot \frac{\pi}{4}}}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right) + \left(\frac{1}{61440} \cdot \left({f}^{5} \cdot {\pi}^{5}\right) + \frac{1}{192} \cdot \left({f}^{3} \cdot {\pi}^{3}\right)\right)}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}}}\right) \cdot \left(-\sqrt{\frac{4}{\pi}}\right)\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2018362 
(FPCore (f)
  :name "VandenBroeck and Keller, Equation (20)"
  (- (* (/ 1 (/ PI 4)) (log (/ (+ (exp (* (/ PI 4) f)) (exp (- (* (/ PI 4) f)))) (- (exp (* (/ PI 4) f)) (exp (- (* (/ PI 4) f)))))))))

Details

Time bar (total: 39.8s)Debug log

start3.0s

Algorithm
intervals

setup249.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 59.6b

localize48.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

5.4b
(- (exp (* (/ PI 4) f)) (exp (- (* (/ PI 4) f))))
0.2b
(* (/ PI 4) f)
0.2b
(* (/ PI 4) f)
0.2b
(* (/ PI 4) f)

rewrite17.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 53
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

9.0ms
(- (exp (* (/ PI 4) f)) (exp (- (* (/ PI 4) f))))
2.0ms
(* (/ PI 4) f)
2.0ms
(* (/ PI 4) f)

series359.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

115.0ms
(- (exp (* (/ PI 4) f)) (exp (- (* (/ PI 4) f))))
88.0ms
(* (/ PI 4) f)
85.0ms
(* (/ PI 4) f)
71.0ms
(* (/ PI 4) f)

simplify655.0ms

Counts
25 → 65
Calls

25 calls. Slowest were:

307.0ms
(+ (* 1/2 (* f PI)) (+ (* 1/192 (* (pow f 3) (pow PI 3))) (* 1/61440 (* (pow f 5) (pow PI 5)))))
65.0ms
(/ (exp (exp (* (/ PI 4) f))) (exp (exp (- (* (/ PI 4) f)))))
62.0ms
(- (exp (* 1/4 (* PI f))) (exp (- (* 1/4 (* PI f)))))

prune1.1s

Pruning

3 alts after pruning (3 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0.5b

localize95.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

1.0b
(pow PI 3)
1.0b
(pow PI 5)
0.4b
(* (/ 1 (/ PI 4)) (log (/ (+ (exp (* (/ PI 4) f)) (exp (- (* (/ PI 4) f)))) (+ (* 1/2 (* f PI)) (+ (* 1/192 (* (pow f 3) (pow PI 3))) (* 1/61440 (* (pow f 5) (pow PI 5))))))))
0.3b
(* (pow f 5) (pow PI 5))

rewrite24.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 96
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

19.0ms
(* (/ 1 (/ PI 4)) (log (/ (+ (exp (* (/ PI 4) f)) (exp (- (* (/ PI 4) f)))) (+ (* 1/2 (* f PI)) (+ (* 1/192 (* (pow f 3) (pow PI 3))) (* 1/61440 (* (pow f 5) (pow PI 5))))))))
3.0ms
(* (pow f 5) (pow PI 5))
0.0ms
(pow PI 3)

series651.0ms

Counts
4 → 8
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

433.0ms
(* (/ 1 (/ PI 4)) (log (/ (+ (exp (* (/ PI 4) f)) (exp (- (* (/ PI 4) f)))) (+ (* 1/2 (* f PI)) (+ (* 1/192 (* (pow f 3) (pow PI 3))) (* 1/61440 (* (pow f 5) (pow PI 5))))))))
217.0ms
(* (pow f 5) (pow PI 5))
0.0ms
(pow PI 3)
0.0ms
(pow PI 5)

simplify12.6s

Counts
67 → 104
Calls

67 calls. Slowest were:

598.0ms
(* (/ 1 (/ PI 4)) (log (/ (+ (exp (* (/ PI 4) f)) (exp (- (* (/ PI 4) f)))) (+ (* 1/2 (* f PI)) (+ (* 1/192 (* (pow f 3) (pow PI 3))) (* 1/61440 (* (pow f 5) (pow PI 5))))))))
439.0ms
(* (/ 1 (/ PI 4)) (log (sqrt (/ (+ (exp (* (/ PI 4) f)) (exp (- (* (/ PI 4) f)))) (+ (* 1/2 (* f PI)) (+ (* 1/192 (* (pow f 3) (pow PI 3))) (* 1/61440 (* (pow f 5) (pow PI 5)))))))))
407.0ms
(* (/ 1 (/ PI 4)) (log (cbrt (/ (+ (exp (* (/ PI 4) f)) (exp (- (* (/ PI 4) f)))) (+ (* 1/2 (* f PI)) (+ (* 1/192 (* (pow f 3) (pow PI 3))) (* 1/61440 (* (pow f 5) (pow PI 5)))))))))

prune3.3s

Pruning

9 alts after pruning (9 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0.0b

localize21.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

1.0b
(pow PI 3)
1.0b
(pow PI 5)
0.3b
(* (pow f 5) (pow PI 5))
0.3b
(/ (+ (exp (* (/ PI 4) f)) (exp (- (* (/ PI 4) f)))) (+ (* 1/2 (* f PI)) (+ (* 1/192 (* (pow f 3) (pow PI 3))) (* 1/61440 (* (pow f 5) (pow PI 5))))))

rewrite53.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 73
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

48.0ms
(/ (+ (exp (* (/ PI 4) f)) (exp (- (* (/ PI 4) f)))) (+ (* 1/2 (* f PI)) (+ (* 1/192 (* (pow f 3) (pow PI 3))) (* 1/61440 (* (pow f 5) (pow PI 5))))))
3.0ms
(* (pow f 5) (pow PI 5))
0.0ms
(pow PI 3)

series401.0ms

Counts
4 → 8
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

234.0ms
(/ (+ (exp (* (/ PI 4) f)) (exp (- (* (/ PI 4) f)))) (+ (* 1/2 (* f PI)) (+ (* 1/192 (* (pow f 3) (pow PI 3))) (* 1/61440 (* (pow f 5) (pow PI 5))))))
167.0ms
(* (pow f 5) (pow PI 5))
0.0ms
(pow PI 3)
0.0ms
(pow PI 5)

simplify9.3s

Counts
54 → 81
Calls

54 calls. Slowest were:

377.0ms
(sqrt (+ (* 1/2 (* f PI)) (+ (* 1/192 (* (pow f 3) (pow PI 3))) (* 1/61440 (* (pow f 5) (pow PI 5))))))
375.0ms
(/ (+ (exp (* (/ PI 4) f)) (exp (- (* (/ PI 4) f)))) (+ (* 1/2 (* f PI)) (+ (* 1/192 (* (pow f 3) (pow PI 3))) (* 1/61440 (* (pow f 5) (pow PI 5))))))
373.0ms
(/ (+ (exp (* (/ PI 4) f)) (exp (- (* (/ PI 4) f)))) (cbrt (+ (* 1/2 (* f PI)) (+ (* 1/192 (* (pow f 3) (pow PI 3))) (* 1/61440 (* (pow f 5) (pow PI 5)))))))

prune3.0s

Pruning

8 alts after pruning (8 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0.0b

localize38.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

1.0b
(pow PI 5)
1.0b
(pow PI 5)
1.0b
(pow PI 3)
1.0b
(pow PI 3)

rewrite1.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 36
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

0.0ms
(pow PI 5)
0.0ms
(pow PI 3)
0.0ms
(pow PI 3)

series0.0ms

Counts
4 → 4
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

0.0ms
(pow PI 5)
0.0ms
(pow PI 3)
0.0ms
(pow PI 3)
0.0ms
(pow PI 5)

simplify2.7s

Counts
8 → 40
Calls

8 calls. Slowest were:

610.0ms
(/ (cbrt (+ (exp (* (/ PI 4) f)) (exp (- (* (/ PI 4) f))))) (sqrt (+ (* 1/2 (* f PI)) (+ (* 1/192 (* (pow f 3) (pow PI 3))) (* 1/61440 (* (pow f 5) (pow PI 5)))))))
369.0ms
(/ (* (cbrt (+ (exp (* (/ PI 4) f)) (exp (- (* (/ PI 4) f))))) (cbrt (+ (exp (* (/ PI 4) f)) (exp (- (* (/ PI 4) f)))))) (sqrt (+ (* 1/2 (* f PI)) (+ (* 1/192 (* (pow f 3) (pow PI 3))) (* 1/61440 (* (pow f 5) (pow PI 5)))))))
343.0ms
(/ (cbrt (+ (exp (* (/ PI 4) f)) (exp (- (* (/ PI 4) f))))) (sqrt (+ (* 1/2 (* f PI)) (+ (* 1/192 (* (pow f 3) (pow PI 3))) (* 1/61440 (* (pow f 5) (pow PI 5)))))))

prune1.7s

Pruning

8 alts after pruning (7 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 0.0b

regimes293.0ms

Accuracy

0% (0.7b remaining)

Error of 0.8b against oracle of 0.1b and baseline of 0.8b

bsearch10.0ms