Average Error: 33.2 → 10.5
Time: 22.8s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \le -3.6717571299242915 \cdot 10^{+130}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \le 0.004516097630920454:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{{b}^{2} - \left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot 4} - b}{a \cdot 2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-\frac{c}{b}\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus a

Bits error versus b

Bits error versus c

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Your Program's Arguments

Results

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Derivation

  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if b < -3.6717571299242915e+130

    1. Initial program 54.0

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\]
    2. Initial simplification54.0

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot 4} - b}{2 \cdot a}\]
    3. Taylor expanded around -inf 3.0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}}\]

    if -3.6717571299242915e+130 < b < 0.004516097630920454

    1. Initial program 14.8

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\]
    2. Initial simplification14.8

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot 4} - b}{2 \cdot a}\]
    3. Taylor expanded around 0 14.8

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{{b}^{2} - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}} - b}{2 \cdot a}\]

    if 0.004516097630920454 < b

    1. Initial program 55.1

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\]
    2. Initial simplification55.1

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot 4} - b}{2 \cdot a}\]
    3. Taylor expanded around inf 6.3

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b}}\]
    4. Simplified6.3

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-c}{b}}\]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification10.5

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \le -3.6717571299242915 \cdot 10^{+130}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \le 0.004516097630920454:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{{b}^{2} - \left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot 4} - b}{a \cdot 2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-\frac{c}{b}\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2018362 
(FPCore (a b c)
  :name "Quadratic roots, full range"
  (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4 a) c)))) (* 2 a)))

Details

Time bar (total: 15.1s)Debug log

start147.0ms

Algorithm
intervals

setup145.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 30.9b

localize46.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

21.8b
(sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4)))
1.8b
(- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4))) b)
0.4b
(- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4))
0.4b
(/ (- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4))) b) (* 2 a))

rewrite39.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 59
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

24.0ms
(/ (- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4))) b) (* 2 a))
10.0ms
(- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4))) b)
2.0ms
(- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4))

series230.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

67.0ms
(/ (- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4))) b) (* 2 a))
65.0ms
(sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4)))
62.0ms
(- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4))) b)
36.0ms
(- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4))

simplify2.2s

Counts
32 → 71
Calls

32 calls. Slowest were:

383.0ms
(sqrt (- (pow (* b b) 3) (pow (* (* c a) 4) 3)))
316.0ms
(- (* (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4))) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4)))) (* b b))
192.0ms
(- (pow (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4))) 3) (pow b 3))

prune958.0ms

Pruning

8 alts after pruning (8 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 4.2b

localize39.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

21.8b
(sqrt (- (pow b 2) (* 4 (* a c))))
1.8b
(- (sqrt (- (pow b 2) (* 4 (* a c)))) b)
0.4b
(- (pow b 2) (* 4 (* a c)))
0.4b
(/ (- (sqrt (- (pow b 2) (* 4 (* a c)))) b) (* 2 a))

rewrite98.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 59
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

54.0ms
(/ (- (sqrt (- (pow b 2) (* 4 (* a c)))) b) (* 2 a))
28.0ms
(- (sqrt (- (pow b 2) (* 4 (* a c)))) b)
9.0ms
(sqrt (- (pow b 2) (* 4 (* a c))))

series279.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

95.0ms
(/ (- (sqrt (- (pow b 2) (* 4 (* a c)))) b) (* 2 a))
72.0ms
(sqrt (- (pow b 2) (* 4 (* a c))))
71.0ms
(- (sqrt (- (pow b 2) (* 4 (* a c)))) b)
40.0ms
(- (pow b 2) (* 4 (* a c)))

simplify2.2s

Counts
32 → 71
Calls

32 calls. Slowest were:

548.0ms
(- (* (sqrt (- (pow b 2) (* 4 (* a c)))) (sqrt (- (pow b 2) (* 4 (* a c))))) (* b b))
411.0ms
(sqrt (- (pow (pow b 2) 3) (pow (* 4 (* a c)) 3)))
170.0ms
(- (pow (sqrt (- (pow b 2) (* 4 (* a c)))) 3) (pow b 3))

prune1.0s

Pruning

8 alts after pruning (7 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 4.2b

localize6.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

21.8b
(sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4)))
1.8b
(- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4))) b)
0.4b
(- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4))
0.3b
(/ (* 2 a) (- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4))) b))

rewrite40.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 58
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

25.0ms
(/ (* 2 a) (- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4))) b))
10.0ms
(- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4))) b)
2.0ms
(- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4))

series351.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

181.0ms
(/ (* 2 a) (- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4))) b))
68.0ms
(- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4))) b)
60.0ms
(sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4)))
42.0ms
(- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4))

simplify2.4s

Counts
32 → 70
Calls

32 calls. Slowest were:

565.0ms
(sqrt (- (* (* b b) (* b b)) (* (* (* c a) 4) (* (* c a) 4))))
391.0ms
(sqrt (- (pow (* b b) 3) (pow (* (* c a) 4) 3)))
182.0ms
(+ (* (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4))) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4)))) (+ (* b b) (* (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4))) b)))

prune922.0ms

Pruning

9 alts after pruning (8 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 4.2b

localize8.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

21.8b
(sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4)))
1.8b
(- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4))) b)
0.4b
(- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4))
0.3b
(/ 1 (- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4))) b))

rewrite21.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 55
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

10.0ms
(- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4))) b)
6.0ms
(/ 1 (- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4))) b))
2.0ms
(- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4))

series203.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

67.0ms
(/ 1 (- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4))) b))
52.0ms
(- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4))) b)
44.0ms
(sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4)))
39.0ms
(- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4))

simplify1.8s

Counts
25 → 67
Calls

25 calls. Slowest were:

417.0ms
(sqrt (- (pow (* b b) 3) (pow (* (* c a) 4) 3)))
191.0ms
(+ (* (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4))) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4)))) (+ (* b b) (* (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* c a) 4))) b)))
187.0ms
(- (* 1/2 (/ 1 b)) (* 1/2 (/ b (* a c))))

prune1.0s

Pruning

10 alts after pruning (8 fresh and 2 done)

Merged error: 4.2b

regimes348.0ms

Accuracy

81.4% (5.2b remaining)

Error of 10.5b against oracle of 5.3b and baseline of 33.2b

bsearch427.0ms