Average Error: 37.5 → 0.5
Time: 16.0s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \le -3.444885517251212 \cdot 10^{-05} \lor \neg \left(\varepsilon \le 3.380161426077978 \cdot 10^{-13}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon - \sin x\right) + \sin x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;2 \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(x + x\right) + \varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus x

Bits error versus eps

Try it out

Your Program's Arguments

Results

Enter valid numbers for all inputs

Target

Original37.5
Target15.3
Herbie0.5
\[2 \cdot \left(\cos \left(x + \frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)\]

Derivation

  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if eps < -3.444885517251212e-05 or 3.380161426077978e-13 < eps

    1. Initial program 30.5

      \[\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied sin-sum0.6

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sin x \cdot \cos \varepsilon + \cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)} - \sin x\]
    4. Applied associate--l+0.6

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin x \cdot \cos \varepsilon + \left(\cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon - \sin x\right)}\]

    if -3.444885517251212e-05 < eps < 3.380161426077978e-13

    1. Initial program 44.9

      \[\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied diff-sin44.9

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(x + \varepsilon\right) + x}{2}\right)\right)}\]
    4. Simplified0.4

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\frac{\left(x + x\right) + \varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)}\]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification0.5

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \le -3.444885517251212 \cdot 10^{-05} \lor \neg \left(\varepsilon \le 3.380161426077978 \cdot 10^{-13}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon - \sin x\right) + \sin x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;2 \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(x + x\right) + \varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2018362 
(FPCore (x eps)
  :name "2sin (example 3.3)"

  :herbie-target
  (* 2 (* (cos (+ x (/ eps 2))) (sin (/ eps 2))))

  (- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x)))

Details

Time bar (total: 6.3s)Debug log

start306.0ms

Algorithm
intervals

setup24.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 36.9b

localize27.0ms

Local error

Found 2 expressions with local error:

3.1b
(sin (+ x eps))
2.0b
(- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x))

rewrite7.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
2 → 24
Calls

2 calls. Slowest were:

5.0ms
(- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x))
2.0ms
(sin (+ x eps))

series82.0ms

Counts
2 → 6
Calls

2 calls. Slowest were:

66.0ms
(- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x))
16.0ms
(sin (+ x eps))

simplify482.0ms

Counts
13 → 30
Calls

13 calls. Slowest were:

308.0ms
(- eps (+ (* 1/2 (* x (pow eps 2))) (* 1/2 (* (pow x 2) eps))))
61.0ms
(- (+ x eps) (* 1/6 (pow x 3)))
39.0ms
(* (sin (/ (- (+ x eps) x) 2)) (cos (/ (+ (+ x eps) x) 2)))

prune315.0ms

Pruning

3 alts after pruning (3 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0.2b

localize50.0ms

Local error

Found 2 expressions with local error:

3.0b
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
0.2b
(* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (sin (/ eps 2)))

rewrite21.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
2 → 24
Calls

2 calls. Slowest were:

12.0ms
(* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (sin (/ eps 2)))
9.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))

series88.0ms

Counts
2 → 6
Calls

2 calls. Slowest were:

59.0ms
(* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (sin (/ eps 2)))
29.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))

simplify709.0ms

Counts
14 → 30
Calls

14 calls. Slowest were:

335.0ms
(- (* 1/2 eps) (+ (* 1/4 (* x (pow eps 2))) (* 1/4 (* (pow x 2) eps))))
162.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))
100.0ms
(* (* (* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))) (* (* (sin (/ eps 2)) (sin (/ eps 2))) (sin (/ eps 2))))

prune327.0ms

Pruning

7 alts after pruning (6 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 0.2b

localize13.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

3.0b
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
3.0b
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
3.0b
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
0.5b
(cbrt (* (* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))))

rewrite21.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 32
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

7.0ms
(cbrt (* (* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))))
5.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
5.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))

series102.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

27.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
27.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
26.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
22.0ms
(cbrt (* (* (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2)) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))) (cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))))

simplify998.0ms

Counts
15 → 44
Calls

15 calls. Slowest were:

241.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))
195.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))
192.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))

prune625.0ms

Pruning

8 alts after pruning (6 fresh and 2 done)

Merged error: 0.2b

localize33.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

3.0b
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
3.0b
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
3.0b
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
3.0b
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))

rewrite17.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 28
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

4.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
4.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
4.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))

series75.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

25.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
19.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
16.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))
16.0ms
(cos (/ (+ (+ x x) eps) 2))

simplify971.0ms

Counts
12 → 40
Calls

12 calls. Slowest were:

256.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))
211.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))
207.0ms
(- 1 (+ (* 1/2 (* x eps)) (* 1/2 (pow x 2))))

prune645.0ms

Pruning

8 alts after pruning (5 fresh and 3 done)

Merged error: 0.2b

regimes199.0ms

Accuracy

99.1% (0.1b remaining)

Error of 0.5b against oracle of 0.4b and baseline of 15.3b

bsearch203.0ms