Average Error: 52.7 → 0.1
Time: 22.5s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\]
\[-2 \cdot \frac{c}{b + \sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}\]

Error

Bits error versus a

Bits error versus b

Bits error versus c

Derivation

  1. Initial program 52.7

    \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\]
  2. Initial simplification52.7

    \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b}{2 \cdot a}\]
  3. Using strategy rm
  4. Applied flip--52.7

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} \cdot \sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b \cdot b}{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + b}}}{2 \cdot a}\]
  5. Applied associate-/l/52.7

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} \cdot \sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b \cdot b}{\left(2 \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + b\right)}}\]
  6. Simplified0.4

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c}}{\left(2 \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + b\right)}\]
  7. Using strategy rm
  8. Applied times-frac0.1

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a \cdot -4}{2 \cdot a} \cdot \frac{c}{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + b}}\]
  9. Simplified0.1

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2} \cdot \frac{c}{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + b}\]
  10. Final simplification0.1

    \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \frac{c}{b + \sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2018360 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (a b c)
  :name "Quadratic roots, wide range"
  :pre (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 a 2.028240960365167e+31) (< 4.930380657631324e-32 b 2.028240960365167e+31) (< 4.930380657631324e-32 c 2.028240960365167e+31))
  (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4 a) c)))) (* 2 a)))

Details

Time bar (total: 13.0s)Debug log

start403.0ms

Algorithm
intervals

setup168.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 54.1b

localize59.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

26.5b
(- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
0.1b
(/ (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b) (* 2 a))
0.1b
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))
0.0b
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

rewrite39.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 67
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

21.0ms
(/ (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b) (* 2 a))
12.0ms
(- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
2.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

series281.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

97.0ms
(/ (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b) (* 2 a))
81.0ms
(- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
68.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))
34.0ms
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))

simplify1.3s

Counts
34 → 79
Calls

34 calls. Slowest were:

496.0ms
(- (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (* b b))
130.0ms
(/ (* (* (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b) (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)) (- (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)) (* (* (* 2 a) (* 2 a)) (* 2 a)))
109.0ms
(- (pow (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) 3) (pow b 3))

prune904.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0.4b

localize16.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

0.4b
(/ (* (* a -4) c) (* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))
0.1b
(* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
0.1b
(+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
0.1b
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))

rewrite26.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 70
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

11.0ms
(* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
10.0ms
(/ (* (* a -4) c) (* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))
4.0ms
(+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)

series364.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

120.0ms
(* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
119.0ms
(/ (* (* a -4) c) (* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))
80.0ms
(+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
44.0ms
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))

simplify3.5s

Counts
37 → 82
Calls

37 calls. Slowest were:

697.0ms
(/ (* (* (* (* a -4) c) (* (* a -4) c)) (* (* a -4) c)) (* (* (* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)) (* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))) (* (* 2 a) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))))
692.0ms
(- (log (* (* a -4) c)) (+ (log (* 2 a)) (log (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))))
649.0ms
(/ (* (* (* (* a -4) c) (* (* a -4) c)) (* (* a -4) c)) (* (* (* (* 2 a) (* 2 a)) (* 2 a)) (* (* (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)) (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))))

prune1.2s

Pruning

6 alts after pruning (6 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0.0b

localize12.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

0.1b
(+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
0.1b
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))
0.1b
(/ c (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
0.0b
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

rewrite15.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 59
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

8.0ms
(+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
5.0ms
(/ c (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
2.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))

series340.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

154.0ms
(/ c (+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b))
79.0ms
(+ (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)
63.0ms
(sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))
43.0ms
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))

simplify486.0ms

Counts
26 → 71
Calls

26 calls. Slowest were:

214.0ms
(+ (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (- (* b b) (* (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b))) b)))
42.0ms
(- (pow b 2) (* 4 (* a c)))
40.0ms
(- (pow b 2) (* 4 (* a c)))

prune881.0ms

Pruning

6 alts after pruning (5 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 0b

localize25.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

0.1b
(fma (sqrt (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (sqrt (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) b)
0.1b
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))
0.1b
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))
0.1b
(/ c (fma (sqrt (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (sqrt (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) b))

rewrite3.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 45
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

1.0ms
(/ c (fma (sqrt (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (sqrt (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) b))
1.0ms
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))
0.0ms
(fma (sqrt (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (sqrt (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) b)

series751.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

356.0ms
(fma (sqrt (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (sqrt (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) b)
298.0ms
(/ c (fma (sqrt (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) (sqrt (sqrt (fma (* a -4) c (* b b)))) b))
49.0ms
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))
49.0ms
(fma (* a -4) c (* b b))

simplify1.1s

Counts
15 → 57
Calls

15 calls. Slowest were:

225.0ms
(+ (pow (exp (* 1/4 (- (log -4) (+ (log (/ 1 a)) (log (/ 1 c)))))) 2) b)
225.0ms
(- (/ c b) (+ (* 1/4 (/ (pow (exp (* 1/4 (- (log -4) (+ (log (/ -1 c)) (log (/ -1 a)))))) 4) (* a b))) (/ (* c (pow (exp (* 1/4 (- (log -4) (+ (log (/ -1 c)) (log (/ -1 a)))))) 2)) (pow b 2))))
173.0ms
(- (/ c b) (+ (/ (* (pow (exp (* 1/4 (- (log -4) (+ (log (/ 1 a)) (log (/ 1 c)))))) 2) c) (pow b 2)) (* 1/4 (/ (pow (exp (* 1/4 (- (log -4) (+ (log (/ 1 a)) (log (/ 1 c)))))) 4) (* a b)))))

prune964.0ms

Pruning

6 alts after pruning (4 fresh and 2 done)

Merged error: 0b

regimes226.0ms

Accuracy

0% (0.1b remaining)

Error of 0.1b against oracle of 0.0b and baseline of 0.1b

bsearch3.0ms