Average Error: 34.2 → 6.3
Time: 25.6s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\frac{\left(-b_2\right) + \sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c}}{a}\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b_2 \le -5.919576201611295 \cdot 10^{+146}:\\ \;\;\;\;(-2 \cdot \left(\frac{b_2}{a}\right) + \left(\frac{c}{\frac{b_2}{\frac{1}{2}}}\right))_*\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b_2 \le -1.347277676039659 \cdot 10^{-308}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - c \cdot a}}{a} - \frac{b_2}{a}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b_2 \le 4.331216038455128 \cdot 10^{+110}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-c}{\sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - c \cdot a} + b_2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{c}{b_2}\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus a

Bits error versus b_2

Bits error versus c

Derivation

  1. Split input into 4 regimes
  2. if b_2 < -5.919576201611295e+146

    1. Initial program 57.6

      \[\frac{\left(-b_2\right) + \sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c}}{a}\]
    2. Initial simplification57.6

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c} - b_2}{a}\]
    3. Taylor expanded around -inf 2.2

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{c}{b_2} - 2 \cdot \frac{b_2}{a}}\]
    4. Simplified2.2

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{(-2 \cdot \left(\frac{b_2}{a}\right) + \left(\frac{c}{\frac{b_2}{\frac{1}{2}}}\right))_*}\]

    if -5.919576201611295e+146 < b_2 < -1.347277676039659e-308

    1. Initial program 8.3

      \[\frac{\left(-b_2\right) + \sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c}}{a}\]
    2. Initial simplification8.3

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c} - b_2}{a}\]
    3. Using strategy rm
    4. Applied div-sub8.3

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c}}{a} - \frac{b_2}{a}}\]

    if -1.347277676039659e-308 < b_2 < 4.331216038455128e+110

    1. Initial program 33.8

      \[\frac{\left(-b_2\right) + \sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c}}{a}\]
    2. Initial simplification33.8

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c} - b_2}{a}\]
    3. Using strategy rm
    4. Applied flip--33.9

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c} \cdot \sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c} - b_2 \cdot b_2}{\sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c} + b_2}}}{a}\]
    5. Applied associate-/l/38.2

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c} \cdot \sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c} - b_2 \cdot b_2}{a \cdot \left(\sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c} + b_2\right)}}\]
    6. Simplified21.4

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-a \cdot c}}{a \cdot \left(\sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c} + b_2\right)}\]
    7. Using strategy rm
    8. Applied distribute-frac-neg21.4

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{a \cdot c}{a \cdot \left(\sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c} + b_2\right)}}\]
    9. Simplified8.9

      \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{\frac{c}{b_2 + \sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c}}}\]

    if 4.331216038455128e+110 < b_2

    1. Initial program 59.2

      \[\frac{\left(-b_2\right) + \sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c}}{a}\]
    2. Initial simplification59.2

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - a \cdot c} - b_2}{a}\]
    3. Taylor expanded around inf 1.8

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{c}{b_2}}\]
  3. Recombined 4 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification6.3

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b_2 \le -5.919576201611295 \cdot 10^{+146}:\\ \;\;\;\;(-2 \cdot \left(\frac{b_2}{a}\right) + \left(\frac{c}{\frac{b_2}{\frac{1}{2}}}\right))_*\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b_2 \le -1.347277676039659 \cdot 10^{-308}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - c \cdot a}}{a} - \frac{b_2}{a}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b_2 \le 4.331216038455128 \cdot 10^{+110}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-c}{\sqrt{b_2 \cdot b_2 - c \cdot a} + b_2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{c}{b_2}\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2018360 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (a b_2 c)
  :name "quad2p (problem 3.2.1, positive)"
  (/ (+ (- b_2) (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))) a))

Details

Time bar (total: 19.2s)Debug log

start264.0ms

Algorithm
intervals

setup37.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 34.7b

localize32.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

22.5b
(sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))
1.0b
(- (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) b_2)
0.4b
(- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))
0.1b
(/ (- (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) b_2) a)

rewrite43.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 69
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

22.0ms
(/ (- (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) b_2) a)
12.0ms
(- (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) b_2)
5.0ms
(sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))

series200.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

66.0ms
(/ (- (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) b_2) a)
55.0ms
(- (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) b_2)
53.0ms
(sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))
26.0ms
(- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))

simplify1.8s

Counts
31 → 81
Calls

31 calls. Slowest were:

441.0ms
(sqrt (- (* (* b_2 b_2) (* b_2 b_2)) (* (* a c) (* a c))))
344.0ms
(sqrt (- (pow (* b_2 b_2) 3) (pow (* a c) 3)))
235.0ms
(- (* (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))) (* b_2 b_2))

prune790.0ms

Pruning

9 alts after pruning (9 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 4.8b

localize14.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

22.5b
(sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))
13.3b
(/ (- (* a c)) (* a (+ (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) b_2)))
0.8b
(+ (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) b_2)
0.4b
(- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))

rewrite49.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 81
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

21.0ms
(+ (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) b_2)
17.0ms
(/ (- (* a c)) (* a (+ (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) b_2)))
6.0ms
(sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))

series263.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

131.0ms
(/ (- (* a c)) (* a (+ (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) b_2)))
59.0ms
(sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))
53.0ms
(+ (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) b_2)
21.0ms
(- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))

simplify3.5s

Counts
48 → 93
Calls

48 calls. Slowest were:

646.0ms
(sqrt (- (pow (* b_2 b_2) 3) (pow (* a c) 3)))
621.0ms
(sqrt (- (* (* b_2 b_2) (* b_2 b_2)) (* (* a c) (* a c))))
583.0ms
(/ (* (* (- (* a c)) (- (* a c))) (- (* a c))) (* (* (* a (+ (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) b_2)) (* a (+ (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) b_2))) (* a (+ (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) b_2))))

prune1.0s

Pruning

7 alts after pruning (6 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 4.7b

localize16.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

22.5b
(sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))
0.8b
(+ b_2 (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))))
0.4b
(- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))
0.1b
(/ c (+ b_2 (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))))

rewrite8.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 61
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

3.0ms
(sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))
2.0ms
(- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))
1.0ms
(+ b_2 (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))))

series227.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

110.0ms
(/ c (+ b_2 (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))))
46.0ms
(+ b_2 (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))))
46.0ms
(sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))
25.0ms
(- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))

simplify1.5s

Counts
26 → 73
Calls

26 calls. Slowest were:

465.0ms
(sqrt (- (* (* b_2 b_2) (* b_2 b_2)) (* (* a c) (* a c))))
310.0ms
(sqrt (- (pow (* b_2 b_2) 3) (pow (* a c) 3)))
227.0ms
(+ (* b_2 b_2) (- (* (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))) (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))) (* b_2 (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))))))

prune725.0ms

Pruning

7 alts after pruning (6 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 4.7b

localize26.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

22.5b
(sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))
22.5b
(sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))
8.6b
(+ b_2 (* (sqrt (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))) (sqrt (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))))))
0.5b
(* (sqrt (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))) (sqrt (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))))

rewrite26.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 90
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

13.0ms
(* (sqrt (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))) (sqrt (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))))
6.0ms
(sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))
5.0ms
(sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))

series186.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

58.0ms
(+ b_2 (* (sqrt (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))) (sqrt (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c))))))
50.0ms
(sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))
43.0ms
(* (sqrt (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))) (sqrt (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))))
36.0ms
(sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))

simplify6.3s

Counts
64 → 102
Calls

64 calls. Slowest were:

564.0ms
(sqrt (- (* (* b_2 b_2) (* b_2 b_2)) (* (* a c) (* a c))))
519.0ms
(sqrt (- (* (* b_2 b_2) (* b_2 b_2)) (* (* a c) (* a c))))
513.0ms
(* (sqrt (sqrt (- (* (* b_2 b_2) (* b_2 b_2)) (* (* a c) (* a c))))) (sqrt (sqrt (- (* (* b_2 b_2) (* b_2 b_2)) (* (* a c) (* a c))))))

prune1.2s

Pruning

7 alts after pruning (5 fresh and 2 done)

Merged error: 4.7b

regimes404.0ms

Accuracy

96.6% (0.8b remaining)

Error of 6.3b against oracle of 5.4b and baseline of 29.7b

bsearch464.0ms