Average Error: 39.1 → 0.2
Time: 10.5s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\log \left(1 + x\right)\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \le 0.00011767117963648764:\\ \;\;\;\;x + \left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot x - \frac{1}{2}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left(x + 1\right)\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus x

Try it out

Your Program's Arguments

Results

Enter valid numbers for all inputs

Target

Original39.1
Target0.2
Herbie0.2
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;1 + x = 1:\\ \;\;\;\;x\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x \cdot \log \left(1 + x\right)}{\left(1 + x\right) - 1}\\ \end{array}\]

Derivation

  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if x < 0.00011767117963648764

    1. Initial program 58.7

      \[\log \left(1 + x\right)\]
    2. Initial simplification58.7

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + 1\right)\]
    3. Taylor expanded around 0 0.3

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(x + \frac{1}{3} \cdot {x}^{3}\right) - \frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}}\]
    4. Simplified0.2

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right) + x}\]

    if 0.00011767117963648764 < x

    1. Initial program 0.1

      \[\log \left(1 + x\right)\]
    2. Initial simplification0.1

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + 1\right)\]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification0.2

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \le 0.00011767117963648764:\\ \;\;\;\;x + \left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot x - \frac{1}{2}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left(x + 1\right)\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2018360 
(FPCore (x)
  :name "ln(1 + x)"

  :herbie-target
  (if (== (+ 1 x) 1) x (/ (* x (log (+ 1 x))) (- (+ 1 x) 1)))

  (log (+ 1 x)))

Details

Time bar (total: 5.9s)Debug log

start119.0ms

Algorithm
intervals

setup17.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 40.1b

localize12.0ms

Local error

Found 1 expressions with local error:

4.1b
(log (+ x 1))

rewrite1.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
1 → 14
Calls

1 calls. Slowest were:

1.0ms
(log (+ x 1))

series23.0ms

Counts
1 → 3
Calls

1 calls. Slowest were:

23.0ms
(log (+ x 1))

simplify453.0ms

Counts
9 → 17
Calls

9 calls. Slowest were:

176.0ms
(- (+ (/ 1 x) (log -1)) (+ (log (/ -1 x)) (* 1/2 (/ 1 (pow x 2)))))
129.0ms
(- (/ 1 x) (+ (log (/ 1 x)) (* 1/2 (/ 1 (pow x 2)))))
100.0ms
(- (+ x (* 1/3 (pow x 3))) (* 1/2 (pow x 2)))

prune186.0ms

Pruning

3 alts after pruning (2 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 0.0b

localize26.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

0.3b
(* x 1/3)
0.0b
(* (- (* x 1/3) 1/2) (* x x))
0.0b
(+ (* (- (* x 1/3) 1/2) (* x x)) x)
0.0b
(- (* x 1/3) 1/2)

rewrite15.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 46
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

8.0ms
(* (- (* x 1/3) 1/2) (* x x))
5.0ms
(+ (* (- (* x 1/3) 1/2) (* x x)) x)
2.0ms
(- (* x 1/3) 1/2)

series71.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

31.0ms
(* (- (* x 1/3) 1/2) (* x x))
17.0ms
(- (* x 1/3) 1/2)
16.0ms
(+ (* (- (* x 1/3) 1/2) (* x x)) x)
7.0ms
(* x 1/3)

simplify1.6s

Counts
19 → 58
Calls

19 calls. Slowest were:

489.0ms
(* (* (* (- (* x 1/3) 1/2) (- (* x 1/3) 1/2)) (- (* x 1/3) 1/2)) (* (* (* x x) (* x x)) (* x x)))
337.0ms
(* (- (* (* x 1/3) (* x 1/3)) (* 1/2 1/2)) (* x x))
324.0ms
(* (- (pow (* x 1/3) 3) (pow 1/2 3)) (* x x))

prune525.0ms

Pruning

3 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 2 done)

Merged error: 0.0b

localize16.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

3.9b
(log (sqrt (+ x 1)))
3.9b
(log (sqrt (+ x 1)))
0.0b
(sqrt (+ x 1))
0.0b
(sqrt (+ x 1))

rewrite8.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 64
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

2.0ms
(log (sqrt (+ x 1)))
2.0ms
(log (sqrt (+ x 1)))
1.0ms
(sqrt (+ x 1))

series138.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

52.0ms
(log (sqrt (+ x 1)))
50.0ms
(log (sqrt (+ x 1)))
18.0ms
(sqrt (+ x 1))
17.0ms
(sqrt (+ x 1))

simplify559.0ms

Counts
42 → 76
Calls

42 calls. Slowest were:

120.0ms
(- (+ (* 1/2 x) (* 1/6 (pow x 3))) (* 1/4 (pow x 2)))
95.0ms
(- (+ (* 1/2 x) (* 1/6 (pow x 3))) (* 1/4 (pow x 2)))
62.0ms
(- (+ (* 1/2 x) 1) (* 1/8 (pow x 2)))

prune698.0ms

Pruning

3 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 2 done)

Merged error: 0.0b

localize6.0ms

Local error

Found 3 expressions with local error:

4.1b
(log (+ x 1))
3.9b
(log (sqrt (+ x 1)))
0.0b
(sqrt (+ x 1))

rewrite3.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
3 → 46
Calls

3 calls. Slowest were:

1.0ms
(log (sqrt (+ x 1)))
1.0ms
(log (+ x 1))
1.0ms
(sqrt (+ x 1))

series67.0ms

Counts
3 → 9
Calls

3 calls. Slowest were:

31.0ms
(log (sqrt (+ x 1)))
24.0ms
(log (+ x 1))
13.0ms
(sqrt (+ x 1))

simplify677.0ms

Counts
30 → 55
Calls

30 calls. Slowest were:

195.0ms
(- (+ (/ 1 x) (log -1)) (+ (log (/ -1 x)) (* 1/2 (/ 1 (pow x 2)))))
113.0ms
(- (/ 1 x) (+ (log (/ 1 x)) (* 1/2 (/ 1 (pow x 2)))))
84.0ms
(- (+ (* 1/2 x) (* 1/6 (pow x 3))) (* 1/4 (pow x 2)))

prune615.0ms

Pruning

3 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 2 done)

Merged error: 0.0b

regimes26.0ms

Accuracy

99.3% (0.1b remaining)

Error of 0.2b against oracle of 0.0b and baseline of 20.6b

bsearch39.0ms