Average Error: 58.1 → 0.8
Time: 21.6s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\frac{e^{x} - e^{-x}}{e^{x} + e^{-x}}\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \le 2.0634884741685034 \cdot 10^{-07}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(x + \frac{2}{15} \cdot {x}^{5}\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot {x}^{3}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\tanh x} \cdot \sqrt{\tanh x}\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus x

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Your Program's Arguments

Results

Enter valid numbers for all inputs

Derivation

  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if x < 2.0634884741685034e-07

    1. Initial program 58.8

      \[\frac{e^{x} - e^{-x}}{e^{x} + e^{-x}}\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied tanh-undef0.0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tanh x}\]
    4. Taylor expanded around 0 0.8

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(x + \frac{2}{15} \cdot {x}^{5}\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot {x}^{3}}\]

    if 2.0634884741685034e-07 < x

    1. Initial program 29.6

      \[\frac{e^{x} - e^{-x}}{e^{x} + e^{-x}}\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied tanh-undef0.1

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tanh x}\]
    4. Using strategy rm
    5. Applied add-sqr-sqrt0.3

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\tanh x} \cdot \sqrt{\tanh x}}\]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification0.8

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \le 2.0634884741685034 \cdot 10^{-07}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(x + \frac{2}{15} \cdot {x}^{5}\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot {x}^{3}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\tanh x} \cdot \sqrt{\tanh x}\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2018360 
(FPCore (x)
  :name "Hyperbolic tangent"
  (/ (- (exp x) (exp (- x))) (+ (exp x) (exp (- x)))))

Details

Time bar (total: 5.8s)Debug log

start367.0ms

Algorithm
intervals

setup59.0ms

Pruning

1 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 57.3b

localize20.0ms

Local error

Found 3 expressions with local error:

5.7b
(- (exp x) (exp (- x)))
1.5b
(/ (- (exp x) (exp (- x))) (+ (exp x) (exp (- x))))
0.0b
(+ (exp x) (exp (- x)))

rewrite37.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
3 → 73
Calls

3 calls. Slowest were:

25.0ms
(/ (- (exp x) (exp (- x))) (+ (exp x) (exp (- x))))
8.0ms
(- (exp x) (exp (- x)))
4.0ms
(+ (exp x) (exp (- x)))

series141.0ms

Counts
3 → 9
Calls

3 calls. Slowest were:

71.0ms
(/ (- (exp x) (exp (- x))) (+ (exp x) (exp (- x))))
44.0ms
(- (exp x) (exp (- x)))
26.0ms
(+ (exp x) (exp (- x)))

simplify1.6s

Counts
69 → 82
Calls

69 calls. Slowest were:

246.0ms
(/ (* (* (- (exp x) (exp (- x))) (- (exp x) (exp (- x)))) (- (exp x) (exp (- x)))) (* (* (+ (exp x) (exp (- x))) (+ (exp x) (exp (- x)))) (+ (exp x) (exp (- x)))))
162.0ms
(+ (* (exp x) (exp x)) (- (* (exp (- x)) (exp (- x))) (* (exp x) (exp (- x)))))
138.0ms
(- (* (exp x) (exp x)) (* (exp (- x)) (exp (- x))))

prune451.0ms

Pruning

3 alts after pruning (3 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0.0b

localize3.0ms

Local error

Found 1 expressions with local error:

0.0b
(tanh x)

rewrite0.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
1 → 10
Calls

1 calls. Slowest were:

0.0ms
(tanh x)

series77.0ms

Counts
1 → 3
Calls

1 calls. Slowest were:

77.0ms
(tanh x)

simplify92.0ms

Counts
3 → 13
Calls

3 calls. Slowest were:

46.0ms
(- (+ x (* 2/15 (pow x 5))) (* 1/3 (pow x 3)))
24.0ms
(/ (- (exp x) (exp (* -1 x))) (+ (exp (* -1 x)) (exp x)))
21.0ms
(/ (- (exp x) (exp (- x))) (+ (exp x) (exp (- x))))

prune63.0ms

Pruning

3 alts after pruning (3 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 0b

localize20.0ms

Local error

Found 3 expressions with local error:

0.2b
(* 1/3 (pow x 3))
0.0b
(* 2/15 (pow x 5))
0.0b
(- (+ x (* 2/15 (pow x 5))) (* 1/3 (pow x 3)))

rewrite7.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
3 → 37
Calls

3 calls. Slowest were:

4.0ms
(- (+ x (* 2/15 (pow x 5))) (* 1/3 (pow x 3)))
1.0ms
(* 1/3 (pow x 3))
1.0ms
(* 2/15 (pow x 5))

series64.0ms

Counts
3 → 9
Calls

3 calls. Slowest were:

24.0ms
(- (+ x (* 2/15 (pow x 5))) (* 1/3 (pow x 3)))
23.0ms
(* 2/15 (pow x 5))
16.0ms
(* 1/3 (pow x 3))

simplify265.0ms

Counts
17 → 46
Calls

17 calls. Slowest were:

82.0ms
(/ (exp (+ x (* 2/15 (pow x 5)))) (exp (* 1/3 (pow x 3))))
59.0ms
(- (+ x (* 2/15 (pow x 5))) (* 1/3 (pow x 3)))
49.0ms
(- (+ x (* 2/15 (pow x 5))) (* 1/3 (pow x 3)))

prune481.0ms

Pruning

3 alts after pruning (2 fresh and 1 done)

Merged error: 0b

localize9.0ms

Local error

Found 3 expressions with local error:

0.2b
(* (sqrt (tanh x)) (sqrt (tanh x)))
0.0b
(tanh x)
0.0b
(tanh x)

rewrite9.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
3 → 65
Calls

3 calls. Slowest were:

8.0ms
(* (sqrt (tanh x)) (sqrt (tanh x)))
0.0ms
(tanh x)
0.0ms
(tanh x)

series280.0ms

Counts
3 → 9
Calls

3 calls. Slowest were:

106.0ms
(tanh x)
91.0ms
(tanh x)
83.0ms
(* (sqrt (tanh x)) (sqrt (tanh x)))

simplify1.3s

Counts
54 → 74
Calls

54 calls. Slowest were:

197.0ms
(* (* (* (sqrt (tanh x)) (sqrt (tanh x))) (sqrt (tanh x))) (* (* (sqrt (tanh x)) (sqrt (tanh x))) (sqrt (tanh x))))
64.0ms
(+ (log (sqrt (tanh x))) (log (sqrt (tanh x))))
60.0ms
(* (sqrt (- (exp (* 2 x)) 1)) (sqrt (tanh x)))

prune461.0ms

Pruning

3 alts after pruning (1 fresh and 2 done)

Merged error: 0b

regimes27.0ms

Accuracy

51.4% (0.8b remaining)

Error of 0.8b against oracle of 0.0b and baseline of 1.7b

bsearch21.0ms