Average Error: 40.1 → 0.4
Time: 11.8s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\frac{e^{x}}{e^{x} - 1}\]
\[\frac{\frac{1}{(e^{x} - 1)^*}}{e^{-x}}\]

Error

Bits error versus x

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Results

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Target

Original40.1
Target39.7
Herbie0.4
\[\frac{1}{1 - e^{-x}}\]

Derivation

  1. Initial program 40.1

    \[\frac{e^{x}}{e^{x} - 1}\]
  2. Initial simplification0.4

    \[\leadsto \frac{e^{x}}{(e^{x} - 1)^*}\]
  3. Using strategy rm
  4. Applied *-un-lft-identity0.4

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot e^{x}}}{(e^{x} - 1)^*}\]
  5. Applied associate-/l*0.4

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{(e^{x} - 1)^*}{e^{x}}}}\]
  6. Using strategy rm
  7. Applied div-inv0.4

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{(e^{x} - 1)^* \cdot \frac{1}{e^{x}}}}\]
  8. Applied associate-/r*0.4

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{(e^{x} - 1)^*}}{\frac{1}{e^{x}}}}\]
  9. Simplified0.4

    \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{(e^{x} - 1)^*}}{\color{blue}{e^{-x}}}\]
  10. Final simplification0.4

    \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{(e^{x} - 1)^*}}{e^{-x}}\]

Runtime

Time bar (total: 11.8s)Debug logProfile

BaselineHerbieOracleSpan%
Regimes0.40.40.00.40%
herbie shell --seed 2018354 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (x)
  :name "expq2 (section 3.11)"

  :herbie-target
  (/ 1 (- 1 (exp (- x))))

  (/ (exp x) (- (exp x) 1)))