Average Error: 32.9 → 9.0
Time: 38.4s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \le -1.3801296442484604 \cdot 10^{+103}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \le 7.397988601404757 \cdot 10^{-150}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + \left(-b\right)}{a \cdot 2}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \le 2.7301022051416326 \cdot 10^{+115}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\sqrt[3]{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{a}} \cdot \sqrt[3]{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{a}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(c \cdot -4\right) \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt[3]{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{a}}}{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + b}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-\frac{c}{b}\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus a

Bits error versus b

Bits error versus c

Target

Original32.9
Target20.6
Herbie9.0
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \lt 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{a \cdot \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}}\\ \end{array}\]

Derivation

  1. Split input into 4 regimes
  2. if b < -1.3801296442484604e+103

    1. Initial program 46.2

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\]
    2. Taylor expanded around inf 46.2

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{{b}^{2} - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}}{2 \cdot a}\]
    3. Simplified46.2

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}}{2 \cdot a}\]
    4. Taylor expanded around -inf 4.4

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}}\]

    if -1.3801296442484604e+103 < b < 7.397988601404757e-150

    1. Initial program 11.2

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\]
    2. Taylor expanded around inf 11.2

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{{b}^{2} - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}}{2 \cdot a}\]
    3. Simplified11.2

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}}{2 \cdot a}\]

    if 7.397988601404757e-150 < b < 2.7301022051416326e+115

    1. Initial program 38.7

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\]
    2. Taylor expanded around inf 38.6

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{{b}^{2} - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}}{2 \cdot a}\]
    3. Simplified38.7

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}}{2 \cdot a}\]
    4. Using strategy rm
    5. Applied clear-num38.7

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{2 \cdot a}{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}}}\]
    6. Using strategy rm
    7. Applied div-inv38.7

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}}}\]
    8. Applied associate-/r*38.7

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2 \cdot a}}{\frac{1}{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}}}\]
    9. Simplified38.7

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2 \cdot a}}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b}}}\]
    10. Using strategy rm
    11. Applied flip--38.8

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2 \cdot a}}{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} \cdot \sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b \cdot b}{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + b}}}}\]
    12. Applied associate-/r/38.8

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2 \cdot a}}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} \cdot \sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b \cdot b} \cdot \left(\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + b\right)}}\]
    13. Applied add-cube-cbrt39.0

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{2 \cdot a}} \cdot \sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{2 \cdot a}}\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{2 \cdot a}}}}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} \cdot \sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b \cdot b} \cdot \left(\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + b\right)}\]
    14. Applied times-frac39.0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{2 \cdot a}} \cdot \sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{2 \cdot a}}}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} \cdot \sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} - b \cdot b}} \cdot \frac{\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{2 \cdot a}}}{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + b}}\]
    15. Simplified14.8

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(a \cdot \left(c \cdot -4\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt[3]{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{a}} \cdot \sqrt[3]{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{a}}\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{2 \cdot a}}}{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + b}\]
    16. Simplified14.8

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(a \cdot \left(c \cdot -4\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt[3]{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{a}} \cdot \sqrt[3]{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{a}}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt[3]{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{a}}}{\sqrt{(\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + b}}\]

    if 2.7301022051416326e+115 < b

    1. Initial program 59.3

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\]
    2. Taylor expanded around inf 59.3

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{{b}^{2} - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}}{2 \cdot a}\]
    3. Simplified59.4

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*}}}{2 \cdot a}\]
    4. Taylor expanded around inf 1.9

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b}}\]
    5. Simplified1.9

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-c}{b}}\]
  3. Recombined 4 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification9.0

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \le -1.3801296442484604 \cdot 10^{+103}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \le 7.397988601404757 \cdot 10^{-150}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + \left(-b\right)}{a \cdot 2}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \le 2.7301022051416326 \cdot 10^{+115}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\sqrt[3]{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{a}} \cdot \sqrt[3]{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{a}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(c \cdot -4\right) \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt[3]{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{a}}}{\sqrt{(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c + \left(b \cdot b\right))_*} + b}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-\frac{c}{b}\\ \end{array}\]

Runtime

Time bar (total: 38.4s)Debug logProfile

BaselineHerbieOracleSpan%
Regimes32.09.05.726.387.3%
herbie shell --seed 2018352 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (a b c)
  :name "The quadratic formula (r1)"

  :herbie-target
  (if (< b 0) (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4 a) c)))) (* 2 a)) (/ c (* a (/ (- (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4 a) c)))) (* 2 a)))))

  (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4 a) c)))) (* 2 a)))