Average Error: 37.5 → 0.4
Time: 25.5s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\]
\[(\left(\cos x\right) \cdot \left(\sin \varepsilon\right) + \left(\log \left(e^{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \sin x - \sin x}\right)\right))_*\]

Error

Bits error versus x

Bits error versus eps

Target

Original37.5
Target15.0
Herbie0.4
\[2 \cdot \left(\cos \left(x + \frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)\]

Derivation

  1. Initial program 37.5

    \[\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\]
  2. Initial simplification37.5

    \[\leadsto \sin \left(\varepsilon + x\right) - \sin x\]
  3. Using strategy rm
  4. Applied sin-sum22.3

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sin \varepsilon \cdot \cos x + \cos \varepsilon \cdot \sin x\right)} - \sin x\]
  5. Applied associate--l+0.4

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin \varepsilon \cdot \cos x + \left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \sin x - \sin x\right)}\]
  6. Taylor expanded around inf 22.3

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon + \sin x \cdot \cos \varepsilon\right) - \sin x}\]
  7. Simplified0.4

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{(\left(\cos x\right) \cdot \left(\sin \varepsilon\right) + \left(\sin x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x\right))_*}\]
  8. Using strategy rm
  9. Applied add-log-exp15.0

    \[\leadsto (\left(\cos x\right) \cdot \left(\sin \varepsilon\right) + \left(\sin x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \color{blue}{\log \left(e^{\sin x}\right)}\right))_*\]
  10. Applied add-log-exp0.5

    \[\leadsto (\left(\cos x\right) \cdot \left(\sin \varepsilon\right) + \left(\color{blue}{\log \left(e^{\sin x \cdot \cos \varepsilon}\right)} - \log \left(e^{\sin x}\right)\right))_*\]
  11. Applied diff-log0.5

    \[\leadsto (\left(\cos x\right) \cdot \left(\sin \varepsilon\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(\frac{e^{\sin x \cdot \cos \varepsilon}}{e^{\sin x}}\right)\right)})_*\]
  12. Simplified0.4

    \[\leadsto (\left(\cos x\right) \cdot \left(\sin \varepsilon\right) + \left(\log \color{blue}{\left(e^{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \sin x - \sin x}\right)}\right))_*\]
  13. Final simplification0.4

    \[\leadsto (\left(\cos x\right) \cdot \left(\sin \varepsilon\right) + \left(\log \left(e^{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \sin x - \sin x}\right)\right))_*\]

Runtime

Time bar (total: 25.5s)Debug logProfile

herbie shell --seed 2018349 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (x eps)
  :name "2sin (example 3.3)"

  :herbie-target
  (* 2 (* (cos (+ x (/ eps 2))) (sin (/ eps 2))))

  (- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x)))