Average Error: 39.7 → 0.3
Time: 10.9s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\frac{e^{x} - 1}{x}\]
↓
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \le -0.00011216163963686691:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{-1 + {\left(e^{x}\right)}^{3}}{\left(e^{x} \cdot e^{x} - \left(-e^{x}\right)\right) + 1}}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 + \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + {x}^{2} \cdot \frac{1}{6}\right)\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus x

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Your Program's Arguments

Results

Enter valid numbers for all inputs

Target

Original39.7
Target39.0
Herbie0.3
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \lt 1 \land x \gt -1:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{e^{x} - 1}{\log \left(e^{x}\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{e^{x} - 1}{x}\\ \end{array}\]

Derivation

  1. Split input into 2 regimes

  2. if x < -0.00011216163963686691

    1. Initial program 0.1

      \[\frac{e^{x} - 1}{x}\]

    2. Initial simplification0.1

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1 + e^{x}}{x}\]
    3. Using strategy rm

    4. Applied flip3-+0.1

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{{-1}^{3} + {\left(e^{x}\right)}^{3}}{-1 \cdot -1 + \left(e^{x} \cdot e^{x} - -1 \cdot e^{x}\right)}}}{x}\]

    if -0.00011216163963686691 < x

    1. Initial program 60.2

      \[\frac{e^{x} - 1}{x}\]

    2. Initial simplification60.2

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1 + e^{x}}{x}\]

    3. Taylor expanded around 0 0.4

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot x + \left(\frac{1}{6} \cdot {x}^{2} + 1\right)}\]
    4. Using strategy rm

    5. Applied associate-+r+0.4

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x + \frac{1}{6} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) + 1}\]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

  4. Final simplification0.3

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \le -0.00011216163963686691:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{-1 + {\left(e^{x}\right)}^{3}}{\left(e^{x} \cdot e^{x} - \left(-e^{x}\right)\right) + 1}}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 + \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + {x}^{2} \cdot \frac{1}{6}\right)\\ \end{array}\]

Runtime

Time bar (total: 10.9s)Debug logProfile

herbie shell --seed 2018346 
(FPCore (x)
  :name "Kahan's exp quotient"

  :herbie-target
  (if (and (< x 1) (> x -1)) (/ (- (exp x) 1) (log (exp x))) (/ (- (exp x) 1) x))

  (/ (- (exp x) 1) x))