Average Error: 19.1 → 0.7
Time: 17.9s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 1088
\[\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}} - \frac{1}{\sqrt{x + 1}}\]
\[\frac{1}{(x \cdot \left(\sqrt{x + 1}\right) + \left((\left(\sqrt{x}\right) \cdot x + \left(\sqrt{x}\right))_*\right))_*}\]

Error

Bits error versus x

Target

Original19.1
Target0.7
Herbie0.7
\[\frac{1}{\left(x + 1\right) \cdot \sqrt{x} + x \cdot \sqrt{x + 1}}\]

Derivation

  1. Initial program 19.1

    \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}} - \frac{1}{\sqrt{x + 1}}\]
  2. Using strategy rm
  3. Applied frac-sub19.1

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \sqrt{x + 1} - \sqrt{x} \cdot 1}{\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{x + 1}}}\]
  4. Simplified19.1

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{x + 1} - \sqrt{x}}}{\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{x + 1}}\]
  5. Using strategy rm
  6. Applied flip--18.9

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{x + 1} \cdot \sqrt{x + 1} - \sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x + 1} + \sqrt{x}}}}{\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{x + 1}}\]
  7. Applied associate-/l/18.9

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{x + 1} \cdot \sqrt{x + 1} - \sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{x}}{\left(\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{x + 1}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{x + 1} + \sqrt{x}\right)}}\]
  8. Simplified0.8

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{\left(\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{x + 1}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{x + 1} + \sqrt{x}\right)}\]
  9. Using strategy rm
  10. Applied pow10.8

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{x + 1}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{x + 1} + \sqrt{x}\right)}^{1}}}\]
  11. Applied pow10.8

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{x} \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{x + 1}\right)}^{1}}\right) \cdot {\left(\sqrt{x + 1} + \sqrt{x}\right)}^{1}}\]
  12. Applied pow10.8

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{x}\right)}^{1}} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{x + 1}\right)}^{1}\right) \cdot {\left(\sqrt{x + 1} + \sqrt{x}\right)}^{1}}\]
  13. Applied pow-prod-down0.8

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{x + 1}\right)}^{1}} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{x + 1} + \sqrt{x}\right)}^{1}}\]
  14. Applied pow-prod-down0.8

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{{\left(\left(\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{x + 1}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{x + 1} + \sqrt{x}\right)\right)}^{1}}}\]
  15. Simplified0.7

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{{\color{blue}{\left((x \cdot \left(\sqrt{x + 1}\right) + \left((\left(\sqrt{x}\right) \cdot x + \left(\sqrt{x}\right))_*\right))_*\right)}}^{1}}\]
  16. Final simplification0.7

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{(x \cdot \left(\sqrt{x + 1}\right) + \left((\left(\sqrt{x}\right) \cdot x + \left(\sqrt{x}\right))_*\right))_*}\]

Runtime

Time bar (total: 17.9s)Debug logProfile

BaselineHerbieOracleSpan%
Regimes0.70.70.00.70%
herbie shell --seed 2018340 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (x)
  :name "2isqrt (example 3.6)"

  :herbie-target
  (/ 1 (+ (* (+ x 1) (sqrt x)) (* x (sqrt (+ x 1)))))

  (- (/ 1 (sqrt x)) (/ 1 (sqrt (+ x 1)))))