Average Error: 9.2 → 0.1
Time: 27.5s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 1088
\[\left(\frac{1}{x + 1} - \frac{2}{x}\right) + \frac{1}{x - 1}\]
\[\frac{\frac{2}{(x \cdot x + x)_*}}{x + -1}\]

Error

Bits error versus x

Target

Original9.2
Target0.3
Herbie0.1
\[\frac{2}{x \cdot \left(x \cdot x - 1\right)}\]

Derivation

  1. Initial program 9.2

    \[\left(\frac{1}{x + 1} - \frac{2}{x}\right) + \frac{1}{x - 1}\]
  2. Using strategy rm
  3. Applied frac-sub25.1

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot x - \left(x + 1\right) \cdot 2}{\left(x + 1\right) \cdot x}} + \frac{1}{x - 1}\]
  4. Applied frac-add24.3

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(1 \cdot x - \left(x + 1\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(x - 1\right) + \left(\left(x + 1\right) \cdot x\right) \cdot 1}{\left(\left(x + 1\right) \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}}\]
  5. Simplified24.7

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{(\left(x + (-2 \cdot x + -2)_*\right) \cdot \left(x + -1\right) + \left((x \cdot x + x)_*\right))_*}}{\left(\left(x + 1\right) \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}\]
  6. Simplified24.7

    \[\leadsto \frac{(\left(x + (-2 \cdot x + -2)_*\right) \cdot \left(x + -1\right) + \left((x \cdot x + x)_*\right))_*}{\color{blue}{(x \cdot x + x)_* \cdot \left(-1 + x\right)}}\]
  7. Taylor expanded around inf 0.3

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{2}}{(x \cdot x + x)_* \cdot \left(-1 + x\right)}\]
  8. Using strategy rm
  9. Applied associate-/r*0.1

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{2}{(x \cdot x + x)_*}}{-1 + x}}\]
  10. Final simplification0.1

    \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{(x \cdot x + x)_*}}{x + -1}\]

Runtime

Time bar (total: 27.5s)Debug logProfile

BaselineHerbieOracleSpan%
Regimes0.10.10.00.10%
herbie shell --seed 2018340 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (x)
  :name "3frac (problem 3.3.3)"

  :herbie-target
  (/ 2 (* x (- (* x x) 1)))

  (+ (- (/ 1 (+ x 1)) (/ 2 x)) (/ 1 (- x 1))))