Average Error: 37.6 → 0.4
Time: 17.5s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 2368
\[\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\]
\[2 \cdot \left(\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \left(\varepsilon \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \sqrt[3]{\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \left(\varepsilon \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \left(\varepsilon \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \left(\varepsilon \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)\]

Error

Bits error versus x

Bits error versus eps

Try it out

Your Program's Arguments

Results

Enter valid numbers for all inputs

Target

Original37.6
Target15.1
Herbie0.4
\[2 \cdot \left(\cos \left(x + \frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)\]

Derivation

  1. Initial program 37.6

    \[\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\]
  2. Using strategy rm
  3. Applied diff-sin37.9

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(x + \varepsilon\right) + x}{2}\right)\right)}\]
  4. Simplified15.2

    \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\frac{\left(x + x\right) + \varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)}\]
  5. Taylor expanded around inf 15.1

    \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(x + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)\]
  6. Simplified15.1

    \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\cos \color{blue}{\left((\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon + x)_*\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)\]
  7. Using strategy rm
  8. Applied fma-udef15.1

    \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon + x\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)\]
  9. Applied cos-sum0.3

    \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x - \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \sin x\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)\]
  10. Using strategy rm
  11. Applied add-cbrt-cube0.4

    \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x - \color{blue}{\sqrt[3]{\left(\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \sin x\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \sin x\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \sin x\right)}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)\]
  12. Final simplification0.4

    \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\left(\cos x \cdot \cos \left(\varepsilon \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \sqrt[3]{\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \left(\varepsilon \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\sin x \cdot \sin \left(\varepsilon \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin x \cdot \sin \left(\varepsilon \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)\]

Runtime

Time bar (total: 17.5s)Debug logProfile

BaselineHerbieOracleSpan%
Regimes0.40.40.10.30%
herbie shell --seed 2018296 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (x eps)
  :name "2sin (example 3.3)"

  :herbie-target
  (* 2 (* (cos (+ x (/ eps 2))) (sin (/ eps 2))))

  (- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x)))