Average Error: 30.7 → 0.1
Time: 32.6s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 2368
\[\frac{1 - \cos x}{x \cdot x}\]
\[\frac{\frac{\tan \left(\frac{x}{2}\right)}{x}}{\frac{x}{\sin x}}\]

Error

Bits error versus x

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Results

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Derivation

  1. Initial program 30.7

    \[\frac{1 - \cos x}{x \cdot x}\]
  2. Initial simplification30.7

    \[\leadsto \frac{1 - \cos x}{x \cdot x}\]
  3. Using strategy rm
  4. Applied flip--30.9

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot 1 - \cos x \cdot \cos x}{1 + \cos x}}}{x \cdot x}\]
  5. Applied associate-/l/30.9

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot 1 - \cos x \cdot \cos x}{\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(1 + \cos x\right)}}\]
  6. Simplified15.7

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sin x \cdot \sin x}}{\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(1 + \cos x\right)}\]
  7. Taylor expanded around inf 15.7

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{2}}{{x}^{2} \cdot \left(\cos x + 1\right)}}\]
  8. Simplified15.8

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\tan \left(\frac{x}{2}\right)}{\frac{x \cdot x}{\sin x}}}\]
  9. Using strategy rm
  10. Applied *-un-lft-identity15.8

    \[\leadsto \frac{\tan \left(\frac{x}{2}\right)}{\frac{x \cdot x}{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \sin x}}}\]
  11. Applied times-frac0.4

    \[\leadsto \frac{\tan \left(\frac{x}{2}\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{x}{1} \cdot \frac{x}{\sin x}}}\]
  12. Applied associate-/r*0.1

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\tan \left(\frac{x}{2}\right)}{\frac{x}{1}}}{\frac{x}{\sin x}}}\]
  13. Final simplification0.1

    \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\tan \left(\frac{x}{2}\right)}{x}}{\frac{x}{\sin x}}\]

Runtime

Time bar (total: 32.6s)Debug logProfile

BaselineHerbieOracleSpan%
Regimes0.10.10.00.10%
herbie shell --seed 2018296 
(FPCore (x)
  :name "cos2 (problem 3.4.1)"
  (/ (- 1 (cos x)) (* x x)))