Average Error: 37.6 → 0.4
Time: 22.3s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\]
\[(-1 \cdot \left(\sin x\right) + \left(\sin x\right))_* + (\left(\sin \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\cos x\right) + \left(\log_* (1 + (e^{(\left(\cos \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\sin x\right) + \left(-\sin x\right))_*} - 1)^*)\right))_*\]

Error

Bits error versus x

Bits error versus eps

Target

Original37.6
Target15.1
Herbie0.4
\[2 \cdot \left(\cos \left(x + \frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)\]

Derivation

  1. Initial program 37.6

    \[\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\]
  2. Initial simplification37.6

    \[\leadsto \sin \left(\varepsilon + x\right) - \sin x\]
  3. Using strategy rm
  4. Applied sin-sum22.3

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sin \varepsilon \cdot \cos x + \cos \varepsilon \cdot \sin x\right)} - \sin x\]
  5. Applied associate--l+0.4

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin \varepsilon \cdot \cos x + \left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \sin x - \sin x\right)}\]
  6. Using strategy rm
  7. Applied *-un-lft-identity0.4

    \[\leadsto \sin \varepsilon \cdot \cos x + \left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \sin x - \color{blue}{1 \cdot \sin x}\right)\]
  8. Applied prod-diff0.4

    \[\leadsto \sin \varepsilon \cdot \cos x + \color{blue}{\left((\left(\cos \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\sin x\right) + \left(-\sin x \cdot 1\right))_* + (\left(-\sin x\right) \cdot 1 + \left(\sin x \cdot 1\right))_*\right)}\]
  9. Applied associate-+r+0.4

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sin \varepsilon \cdot \cos x + (\left(\cos \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\sin x\right) + \left(-\sin x \cdot 1\right))_*\right) + (\left(-\sin x\right) \cdot 1 + \left(\sin x \cdot 1\right))_*}\]
  10. Simplified0.4

    \[\leadsto \left(\sin \varepsilon \cdot \cos x + (\left(\cos \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\sin x\right) + \left(-\sin x \cdot 1\right))_*\right) + \color{blue}{(-1 \cdot \left(\sin x\right) + \left(\sin x\right))_*}\]
  11. Using strategy rm
  12. Applied fma-def0.4

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{(\left(\sin \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\cos x\right) + \left((\left(\cos \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\sin x\right) + \left(-\sin x \cdot 1\right))_*\right))_*} + (-1 \cdot \left(\sin x\right) + \left(\sin x\right))_*\]
  13. Using strategy rm
  14. Applied log1p-expm1-u0.4

    \[\leadsto (\left(\sin \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\cos x\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\log_* (1 + (e^{(\left(\cos \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\sin x\right) + \left(-\sin x \cdot 1\right))_*} - 1)^*)\right)})_* + (-1 \cdot \left(\sin x\right) + \left(\sin x\right))_*\]
  15. Final simplification0.4

    \[\leadsto (-1 \cdot \left(\sin x\right) + \left(\sin x\right))_* + (\left(\sin \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\cos x\right) + \left(\log_* (1 + (e^{(\left(\cos \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\sin x\right) + \left(-\sin x\right))_*} - 1)^*)\right))_*\]

Runtime

Time bar (total: 22.3s)Debug logProfile

herbie shell --seed 2018296 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (x eps)
  :name "2sin (example 3.3)"

  :herbie-target
  (* 2 (* (cos (+ x (/ eps 2))) (sin (/ eps 2))))

  (- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x)))