Average Error: 39.2 → 1.2
Time: 16.6s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 2368
\[\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \cos x\]
↓
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \le -3.906576368676517 \cdot 10^{+19} \lor \neg \left(\varepsilon \le 6.692467551133086 \cdot 10^{-05}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x - \left(\cos x + \sin \varepsilon \cdot \sin x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\left(x + x\right) + \varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus x

Bits error versus eps

Try it out

Your Program's Arguments

Results

Enter valid numbers for all inputs

Derivation

  1. Split input into 2 regimes

  2. if eps < -3.906576368676517e+19 or 6.692467551133086e-05 < eps

    1. Initial program 30.1

      \[\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \cos x\]

    2. Initial simplification30.1

      \[\leadsto \cos \left(\varepsilon + x\right) - \cos x\]
    3. Using strategy rm

    4. Applied cos-sum0.9

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x - \sin \varepsilon \cdot \sin x\right)} - \cos x\]

    5. Applied associate--l-0.9

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x - \left(\sin \varepsilon \cdot \sin x + \cos x\right)}\]

    if -3.906576368676517e+19 < eps < 6.692467551133086e-05

    1. Initial program 48.2

      \[\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \cos x\]

    2. Initial simplification48.2

      \[\leadsto \cos \left(\varepsilon + x\right) - \cos x\]
    3. Using strategy rm

    4. Applied diff-cos36.7

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\left(\varepsilon + x\right) - x}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\left(\varepsilon + x\right) + x}{2}\right)\right)}\]

    5. Simplified1.6

      \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\left(x + x\right) + \varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)}\]
    6. Using strategy rm

    7. Applied associate-*r*1.6

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\left(x + x\right) + \varepsilon}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)}\]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

  4. Final simplification1.2

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \le -3.906576368676517 \cdot 10^{+19} \lor \neg \left(\varepsilon \le 6.692467551133086 \cdot 10^{-05}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x - \left(\cos x + \sin \varepsilon \cdot \sin x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\left(x + x\right) + \varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)\\ \end{array}\]

Runtime

Time bar (total: 16.6s)Debug logProfile

BaselineHerbieOracleSpan%
Regimes15.21.20.414.794.5%
herbie shell --seed 2018295 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (x eps)
  :name "2cos (problem 3.3.5)"
  (- (cos (+ x eps)) (cos x)))