Average Error: 25.7 → 13.9
Time: 2.6m
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 576
\[\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right)\]
↓
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\ell \le -1.5626500757406507 \cdot 10^{-123}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(1 - \left({\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right) \cdot \left(\left({\left(\frac{-1}{d}\right)}^{\frac{-1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{-1}{h}}\right) \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\ell \le -1.980261263344669 \cdot 10^{-305}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{-1}{\ell}} \cdot {\left(\frac{-1}{d}\right)}^{\frac{-1}{2}}\right) \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{h \cdot \left({\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{\ell}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\ell \le 3.9120662714137643 \cdot 10^{-81}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(1 - \frac{h \cdot \left({\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{\ell}\right) \cdot \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \left({\left(\frac{1}{\ell}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{d}\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\sqrt{d} \cdot \sqrt{d}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M}{2} \cdot \frac{D}{d}}{\frac{2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{h}}{\frac{M}{2} \cdot \frac{D}{d}}}\right)}{\sqrt{h} \cdot \sqrt{\ell}}\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus d

Bits error versus h

Bits error versus l

Bits error versus M

Bits error versus D

Try it out

Your Program's Arguments

Results

Enter valid numbers for all inputs

Derivation

  1. Split input into 4 regimes

  2. if l < -1.5626500757406507e-123

    1. Initial program 24.4

      \[\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right)\]

    2. Taylor expanded around -inf 21.1

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{e^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\log \left(\frac{-1}{h}\right) - \log \left(\frac{-1}{d}\right)\right)}} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right)\]

    3. Simplified17.7

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{-1}{h}} \cdot {\left(\frac{-1}{d}\right)}^{\frac{-1}{2}}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right)\]

    if -1.5626500757406507e-123 < l < -1.980261263344669e-305

    1. Initial program 32.5

      \[\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right)\]
    2. Using strategy rm

    3. Applied associate-*r/25.0

      \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot h}{\ell}}\right)\]

    4. Taylor expanded around -inf 16.4

      \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{e^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\log \left(\frac{-1}{\ell}\right) - \log \left(\frac{-1}{d}\right)\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot h}{\ell}\right)\]

    5. Simplified12.0

      \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{-1}{\ell}} \cdot {\left(\frac{-1}{d}\right)}^{\frac{-1}{2}}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot h}{\ell}\right)\]

    if -1.980261263344669e-305 < l < 3.9120662714137643e-81

    1. Initial program 30.1

      \[\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right)\]
    2. Using strategy rm

    3. Applied associate-*r/24.1

      \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot h}{\ell}}\right)\]
    4. Using strategy rm

    5. Applied div-inv24.1

      \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(d \cdot \frac{1}{\ell}\right)}}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot h}{\ell}\right)\]

    6. Applied unpow-prod-down11.1

      \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({d}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{1}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot h}{\ell}\right)\]

    7. Simplified11.1

      \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{d}} \cdot {\left(\frac{1}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot h}{\ell}\right)\]

    if 3.9120662714137643e-81 < l

    1. Initial program 24.2

      \[\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right)\]
    2. Using strategy rm

    3. Applied associate-*r/24.9

      \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot h}{\ell}}\right)\]
    4. Using strategy rm

    5. Applied pow124.9

      \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(1 - \frac{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot h}{\ell}\right)}^{1}}\]

    6. Applied pow124.9

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}^{1}} \cdot {\left(1 - \frac{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot h}{\ell}\right)}^{1}\]

    7. Applied pow-prod-down24.9

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot h}{\ell}\right)\right)}^{1}}\]

    8. Simplified22.7

      \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - \frac{\frac{M}{2} \cdot \frac{D}{d}}{\frac{2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{h}}{\frac{M}{2} \cdot \frac{D}{d}}}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{h}}\right)\right)}}^{1}\]
    9. Using strategy rm

    10. Applied sqrt-div16.0

      \[\leadsto {\left(\left(1 - \frac{\frac{M}{2} \cdot \frac{D}{d}}{\frac{2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{h}}{\frac{M}{2} \cdot \frac{D}{d}}}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{d}}{\sqrt{h}}}\right)\right)}^{1}\]

    11. Applied sqrt-div11.5

      \[\leadsto {\left(\left(1 - \frac{\frac{M}{2} \cdot \frac{D}{d}}{\frac{2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{h}}{\frac{M}{2} \cdot \frac{D}{d}}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{d}}{\sqrt{\ell}}} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{d}}{\sqrt{h}}\right)\right)}^{1}\]

    12. Applied frac-times11.5

      \[\leadsto {\left(\left(1 - \frac{\frac{M}{2} \cdot \frac{D}{d}}{\frac{2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{h}}{\frac{M}{2} \cdot \frac{D}{d}}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{d} \cdot \sqrt{d}}{\sqrt{\ell} \cdot \sqrt{h}}}\right)}^{1}\]

    13. Applied associate-*r/11.3

      \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\left(1 - \frac{\frac{M}{2} \cdot \frac{D}{d}}{\frac{2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{h}}{\frac{M}{2} \cdot \frac{D}{d}}}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{d} \cdot \sqrt{d}\right)}{\sqrt{\ell} \cdot \sqrt{h}}\right)}}^{1}\]
  3. Recombined 4 regimes into one program.

  4. Final simplification13.9

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\ell \le -1.5626500757406507 \cdot 10^{-123}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(1 - \left({\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right) \cdot \left(\left({\left(\frac{-1}{d}\right)}^{\frac{-1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{-1}{h}}\right) \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\ell \le -1.980261263344669 \cdot 10^{-305}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{-1}{\ell}} \cdot {\left(\frac{-1}{d}\right)}^{\frac{-1}{2}}\right) \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{h \cdot \left({\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{\ell}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\ell \le 3.9120662714137643 \cdot 10^{-81}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(1 - \frac{h \cdot \left({\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{\ell}\right) \cdot \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \left({\left(\frac{1}{\ell}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{d}\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\sqrt{d} \cdot \sqrt{d}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M}{2} \cdot \frac{D}{d}}{\frac{2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{h}}{\frac{M}{2} \cdot \frac{D}{d}}}\right)}{\sqrt{h} \cdot \sqrt{\ell}}\\ \end{array}\]

Runtime

Time bar (total: 2.6m)Debug logProfile

herbie shell --seed 2018277 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (d h l M D)
  :name "Henrywood and Agarwal, Equation (12)"
  (* (* (pow (/ d h) (/ 1 2)) (pow (/ d l) (/ 1 2))) (- 1 (* (* (/ 1 2) (pow (/ (* M D) (* 2 d)) 2)) (/ h l)))))