Average Error: 37.1 → 33.2
Time: 2.4m
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 1344
\[R \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) + \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}\]
↓
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\lambda_1 - \lambda_2 \le -1.1189154906907531 \cdot 10^{+164}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) \cdot R\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \sqrt{\left(\cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) + \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus R

Bits error versus lambda1

Bits error versus lambda2

Bits error versus phi1

Bits error versus phi2

Try it out

Your Program's Arguments

Results

Enter valid numbers for all inputs

Derivation

  1. Split input into 2 regimes

  2. if (- lambda1 lambda2) < -1.1189154906907531e+164

    1. Initial program 60.8

      \[R \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) + \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}\]

    2. Initial simplification60.8

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) + \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2 + \phi_1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2 + \phi_1}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot R\]

    3. Taylor expanded around 0 39.3

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right)} \cdot R\]

    if -1.1189154906907531e+164 < (- lambda1 lambda2)

    1. Initial program 31.8

      \[R \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) + \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}\]

    2. Initial simplification31.8

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) + \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2 + \phi_1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2 + \phi_1}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot R\]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

  4. Final simplification33.2

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\lambda_1 - \lambda_2 \le -1.1189154906907531 \cdot 10^{+164}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) \cdot R\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \sqrt{\left(\cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) + \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}\\ \end{array}\]

Runtime

Time bar (total: 2.4m)Debug logProfile

BaselineHerbieOracleSpan%
Regimes37.133.229.47.750.6%
herbie shell --seed 2018274 
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
  :name "Equirectangular approximation to distance on a great circle"
  (* R (sqrt (+ (* (* (- lambda1 lambda2) (cos (/ (+ phi1 phi2) 2))) (* (- lambda1 lambda2) (cos (/ (+ phi1 phi2) 2)))) (* (- phi1 phi2) (- phi1 phi2))))))