Average Error: 37.3 → 0.5
Time: 23.7s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 2368
\[\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\]
\[(\left(\sin \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\cos x\right) + \left(\log \left(e^{(\left(\cos \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\sin x\right) + \left(-\sin x\right))_*}\right)\right))_*\]

Error

Bits error versus x

Bits error versus eps

Target

Original37.3
Target15.7
Herbie0.5
\[2 \cdot \left(\cos \left(x + \frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)\]

Derivation

  1. Initial program 37.3

    \[\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\]
  2. Initial simplification37.3

    \[\leadsto \sin \left(\varepsilon + x\right) - \sin x\]
  3. Using strategy rm
  4. Applied sin-sum21.5

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sin \varepsilon \cdot \cos x + \cos \varepsilon \cdot \sin x\right)} - \sin x\]
  5. Applied associate--l+0.4

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin \varepsilon \cdot \cos x + \left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \sin x - \sin x\right)}\]
  6. Using strategy rm
  7. Applied fma-neg0.4

    \[\leadsto \sin \varepsilon \cdot \cos x + \color{blue}{(\left(\cos \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\sin x\right) + \left(-\sin x\right))_*}\]
  8. Using strategy rm
  9. Applied fma-def0.4

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{(\left(\sin \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\cos x\right) + \left((\left(\cos \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\sin x\right) + \left(-\sin x\right))_*\right))_*}\]
  10. Using strategy rm
  11. Applied add-log-exp0.5

    \[\leadsto (\left(\sin \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\cos x\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(e^{(\left(\cos \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\sin x\right) + \left(-\sin x\right))_*}\right)\right)})_*\]
  12. Final simplification0.5

    \[\leadsto (\left(\sin \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\cos x\right) + \left(\log \left(e^{(\left(\cos \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\sin x\right) + \left(-\sin x\right))_*}\right)\right))_*\]

Runtime

Time bar (total: 23.7s)Debug logProfile

herbie shell --seed 2018257 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (x eps)
  :name "2sin (example 3.3)"

  :herbie-target
  (* 2 (* (cos (+ x (/ eps 2))) (sin (/ eps 2))))

  (- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x)))