Average Error: 52.4 → 0.2
Time: 27.6s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 2368
\[\log \left(x + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right)\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \le -1.0694054275269373:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left(\frac{\frac{-1}{2}}{x} + \left(\frac{\frac{\frac{1}{8}}{x}}{x \cdot x} + \frac{\frac{-1}{16}}{{x}^{5}}\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \le 0.9616124202187339:\\ \;\;\;\;\left({x}^{5} \cdot \frac{3}{40} - {x}^{3} \cdot \frac{1}{6}\right) + x\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left((x \cdot 2 + \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{x}\right))_* - \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{8}}{x}}{x \cdot x}\right)\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus x

Target

Original52.4
Target44.9
Herbie0.2
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \lt 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left(\frac{-1}{x - \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left(x + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right)\\ \end{array}\]

Derivation

  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if x < -1.0694054275269373

    1. Initial program 61.7

      \[\log \left(x + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right)\]
    2. Initial simplification60.9

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + \sqrt{1^2 + x^2}^*\right)\]
    3. Taylor expanded around -inf 0.2

      \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{8} \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{3}} - \left(\frac{1}{16} \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{5}} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{x}\right)\right)}\]
    4. Simplified0.2

      \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{-1}{2}}{x} + \left(\frac{\frac{-1}{16}}{{x}^{5}} + \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{8}}{x}}{x \cdot x}\right)\right)}\]

    if -1.0694054275269373 < x < 0.9616124202187339

    1. Initial program 58.5

      \[\log \left(x + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right)\]
    2. Initial simplification58.5

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + \sqrt{1^2 + x^2}^*\right)\]
    3. Taylor expanded around 0 0.2

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(x + \frac{3}{40} \cdot {x}^{5}\right) - \frac{1}{6} \cdot {x}^{3}}\]
    4. Using strategy rm
    5. Applied associate--l+0.2

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x + \left(\frac{3}{40} \cdot {x}^{5} - \frac{1}{6} \cdot {x}^{3}\right)}\]

    if 0.9616124202187339 < x

    1. Initial program 30.2

      \[\log \left(x + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right)\]
    2. Initial simplification0.1

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + \sqrt{1^2 + x^2}^*\right)\]
    3. Taylor expanded around inf 0.2

      \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(\left(2 \cdot x + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{x}\right) - \frac{1}{8} \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{3}}\right)}\]
    4. Simplified0.2

      \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left((x \cdot 2 + \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{x}\right))_* - \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{8}}{x}}{x \cdot x}\right)}\]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification0.2

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \le -1.0694054275269373:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left(\frac{\frac{-1}{2}}{x} + \left(\frac{\frac{\frac{1}{8}}{x}}{x \cdot x} + \frac{\frac{-1}{16}}{{x}^{5}}\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \le 0.9616124202187339:\\ \;\;\;\;\left({x}^{5} \cdot \frac{3}{40} - {x}^{3} \cdot \frac{1}{6}\right) + x\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left((x \cdot 2 + \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{x}\right))_* - \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{8}}{x}}{x \cdot x}\right)\\ \end{array}\]

Runtime

Time bar (total: 27.6s)Debug logProfile

herbie shell --seed 2018252 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (x)
  :name "Hyperbolic arcsine"

  :herbie-target
  (if (< x 0) (log (/ -1 (- x (sqrt (+ (* x x) 1))))) (log (+ x (sqrt (+ (* x x) 1)))))

  (log (+ x (sqrt (+ (* x x) 1)))))