Average Error: 12.9 → 0.2
Time: 41.3s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 1344
\[\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 - \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\]
↓
\[\tan^{-1}_* \frac{(\left(\sin \lambda_1\right) \cdot \left(\cos \lambda_2\right) + \left(-\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right))_* \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\sin \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1 - \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot (\left(\sin \lambda_1\right) \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_2\right) + \left(\cos \lambda_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1\right))_*}\]

Error

Bits error versus lambda1

Bits error versus lambda2

Bits error versus phi1

Bits error versus phi2

Derivation

  1. Initial program 12.9

    \[\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 - \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\]

  2. Initial simplification12.9

    \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\sin \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1 - \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}\]
  3. Using strategy rm

  4. Applied sin-diff6.6

    \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 - \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\sin \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1 - \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}\]
  5. Using strategy rm

  6. Applied cos-diff0.2

    \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 - \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\sin \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)} \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}\]

  7. Taylor expanded around -inf 0.2

    \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 - \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\sin \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1 - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2 + \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2\right)}}\]

  8. Simplified0.2

    \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 - \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\sin \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1 - \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot (\left(\sin \lambda_1\right) \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_2\right) + \left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right))_*}}\]
  9. Using strategy rm

  10. Applied fma-neg0.2

    \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{(\left(\sin \lambda_1\right) \cdot \left(\cos \lambda_2\right) + \left(-\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right))_*} \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\sin \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1 - \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot (\left(\sin \lambda_1\right) \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_2\right) + \left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right))_*}\]

  11. Final simplification0.2

    \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{(\left(\sin \lambda_1\right) \cdot \left(\cos \lambda_2\right) + \left(-\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right))_* \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\sin \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1 - \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot (\left(\sin \lambda_1\right) \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_2\right) + \left(\cos \lambda_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1\right))_*}\]

Runtime

Time bar (total: 41.3s)Debug logProfile

herbie shell --seed 2018252 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
  :name "Bearing on a great circle"
  (atan2 (* (sin (- lambda1 lambda2)) (cos phi2)) (- (* (cos phi1) (sin phi2)) (* (* (sin phi1) (cos phi2)) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2))))))