Average Error: 19.4 → 19.5
Time: 51.7s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 1088
\[\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}} - \frac{1}{\sqrt{x + 1}}\]
\[\frac{\left({\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{x + 1}}\right)}^{3} + {\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{x}}\right)}^{3}\right) \cdot \left({\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{x + 1}}\right)}^{3} - {\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{x}}\right)}^{3}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x + 1} \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{x + 1}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x + 1}} + \left(\sqrt{\sqrt{x}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x}} + \sqrt{\sqrt{x + 1}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\sqrt{x + 1}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x + 1}} + \left(\sqrt{\sqrt{x}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x}} - \sqrt{\sqrt{x + 1}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x}}\right)\right)\right)}\]

Error

Bits error versus x

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Your Program's Arguments

Results

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Target

Original19.4
Target0.6
Herbie19.5
\[\frac{1}{\left(x + 1\right) \cdot \sqrt{x} + x \cdot \sqrt{x + 1}}\]

Derivation

  1. Initial program 19.4

    \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}} - \frac{1}{\sqrt{x + 1}}\]
  2. Initial simplification19.4

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{x}} - \frac{1}{\sqrt{x + 1}}\]
  3. Using strategy rm
  4. Applied add-sqr-sqrt24.4

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{x}} - \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{x + 1}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{x + 1}}}}\]
  5. Applied add-sqr-sqrt19.6

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}}} - \sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{x + 1}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{x + 1}}}\]
  6. Applied difference-of-squares19.6

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}} + \sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{x + 1}}}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}} - \sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{x + 1}}}\right)}\]
  7. Using strategy rm
  8. Applied sqrt-div22.6

    \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}} + \sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{x + 1}}}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}} - \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{1}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{x + 1}}}}\right)\]
  9. Applied sqrt-div19.6

    \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}} + \sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{x + 1}}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{1}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{x}}}} - \frac{\sqrt{1}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{x + 1}}}\right)\]
  10. Applied frac-sub19.6

    \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}} + \sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{x + 1}}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{1} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x + 1}} - \sqrt{\sqrt{x}} \cdot \sqrt{1}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{x}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x + 1}}}}\]
  11. Applied sqrt-div19.6

    \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}} + \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{1}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{x + 1}}}}\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{1} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x + 1}} - \sqrt{\sqrt{x}} \cdot \sqrt{1}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{x}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x + 1}}}\]
  12. Applied sqrt-div19.7

    \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{1}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{x}}}} + \frac{\sqrt{1}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{x + 1}}}\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{1} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x + 1}} - \sqrt{\sqrt{x}} \cdot \sqrt{1}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{x}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x + 1}}}\]
  13. Applied frac-add19.7

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{1} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x + 1}} + \sqrt{\sqrt{x}} \cdot \sqrt{1}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{x}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x + 1}}}} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{1} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x + 1}} - \sqrt{\sqrt{x}} \cdot \sqrt{1}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{x}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x + 1}}}\]
  14. Applied frac-times19.6

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\sqrt{1} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x + 1}} + \sqrt{\sqrt{x}} \cdot \sqrt{1}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{1} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x + 1}} - \sqrt{\sqrt{x}} \cdot \sqrt{1}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{x}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x + 1}}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\sqrt{x}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x + 1}}\right)}}\]
  15. Simplified19.6

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{1 + x}} + \sqrt{\sqrt{x}}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\sqrt{1 + x}} - \sqrt{\sqrt{x}}\right)}}{\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{x}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x + 1}}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\sqrt{x}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x + 1}}\right)}\]
  16. Simplified19.5

    \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{1 + x}} + \sqrt{\sqrt{x}}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\sqrt{1 + x}} - \sqrt{\sqrt{x}}\right)}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{1 + x}}}\]
  17. Using strategy rm
  18. Applied flip3--19.5

    \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{1 + x}} + \sqrt{\sqrt{x}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{1 + x}}\right)}^{3} - {\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{x}}\right)}^{3}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{1 + x}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{1 + x}} + \left(\sqrt{\sqrt{x}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x}} + \sqrt{\sqrt{1 + x}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x}}\right)}}}{\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{1 + x}}\]
  19. Applied flip3-+19.5

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{1 + x}}\right)}^{3} + {\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{x}}\right)}^{3}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{1 + x}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{1 + x}} + \left(\sqrt{\sqrt{x}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x}} - \sqrt{\sqrt{1 + x}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x}}\right)}} \cdot \frac{{\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{1 + x}}\right)}^{3} - {\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{x}}\right)}^{3}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{1 + x}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{1 + x}} + \left(\sqrt{\sqrt{x}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x}} + \sqrt{\sqrt{1 + x}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x}}\right)}}{\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{1 + x}}\]
  20. Applied frac-times19.5

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\left({\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{1 + x}}\right)}^{3} + {\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{x}}\right)}^{3}\right) \cdot \left({\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{1 + x}}\right)}^{3} - {\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{x}}\right)}^{3}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{1 + x}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{1 + x}} + \left(\sqrt{\sqrt{x}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x}} - \sqrt{\sqrt{1 + x}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\sqrt{1 + x}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{1 + x}} + \left(\sqrt{\sqrt{x}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x}} + \sqrt{\sqrt{1 + x}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x}}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{1 + x}}\]
  21. Applied associate-/l/19.5

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left({\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{1 + x}}\right)}^{3} + {\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{x}}\right)}^{3}\right) \cdot \left({\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{1 + x}}\right)}^{3} - {\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{x}}\right)}^{3}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{1 + x}\right) \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{1 + x}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{1 + x}} + \left(\sqrt{\sqrt{x}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x}} - \sqrt{\sqrt{1 + x}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\sqrt{1 + x}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{1 + x}} + \left(\sqrt{\sqrt{x}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x}} + \sqrt{\sqrt{1 + x}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x}}\right)\right)\right)}}\]
  22. Final simplification19.5

    \[\leadsto \frac{\left({\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{x + 1}}\right)}^{3} + {\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{x}}\right)}^{3}\right) \cdot \left({\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{x + 1}}\right)}^{3} - {\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{x}}\right)}^{3}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x + 1} \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{x + 1}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x + 1}} + \left(\sqrt{\sqrt{x}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x}} + \sqrt{\sqrt{x + 1}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\sqrt{x + 1}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x + 1}} + \left(\sqrt{\sqrt{x}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x}} - \sqrt{\sqrt{x + 1}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{x}}\right)\right)\right)}\]

Runtime

Time bar (total: 51.7s)Debug logProfile

herbie shell --seed 2018251 
(FPCore (x)
  :name "2isqrt (example 3.6)"

  :herbie-target
  (/ 1 (+ (* (+ x 1) (sqrt x)) (* x (sqrt (+ x 1)))))

  (- (/ 1 (sqrt x)) (/ 1 (sqrt (+ x 1)))))