Average Error: 36.9 → 0.4
Time: 1.0m
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 2368
\[\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\]
\[\cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon + \sqrt[3]{\left(\sin x \cdot \frac{{\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{3} - 1}{\left(1 + \cos \varepsilon\right) + \cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\left(\sin x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x\right) \cdot \left(\sin x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x\right)\right)}\]

Error

Bits error versus x

Bits error versus eps

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Your Program's Arguments

Results

Enter valid numbers for all inputs

Target

Original36.9
Target15.1
Herbie0.4
\[2 \cdot \left(\cos \left(x + \frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)\]

Derivation

  1. Initial program 36.9

    \[\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\]
  2. Initial simplification36.9

    \[\leadsto \sin \left(\varepsilon + x\right) - \sin x\]
  3. Using strategy rm
  4. Applied sin-sum21.7

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sin \varepsilon \cdot \cos x + \cos \varepsilon \cdot \sin x\right)} - \sin x\]
  5. Applied associate--l+0.4

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin \varepsilon \cdot \cos x + \left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \sin x - \sin x\right)}\]
  6. Using strategy rm
  7. Applied add-cbrt-cube0.4

    \[\leadsto \sin \varepsilon \cdot \cos x + \color{blue}{\sqrt[3]{\left(\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \sin x - \sin x\right) \cdot \left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \sin x - \sin x\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \sin x - \sin x\right)}}\]
  8. Using strategy rm
  9. Applied *-un-lft-identity0.4

    \[\leadsto \sin \varepsilon \cdot \cos x + \sqrt[3]{\left(\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \sin x - \sin x\right) \cdot \left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \sin x - \sin x\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \sin x - \color{blue}{1 \cdot \sin x}\right)}\]
  10. Applied distribute-rgt-out--0.4

    \[\leadsto \sin \varepsilon \cdot \cos x + \sqrt[3]{\left(\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \sin x - \sin x\right) \cdot \left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \sin x - \sin x\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin x \cdot \left(\cos \varepsilon - 1\right)\right)}}\]
  11. Using strategy rm
  12. Applied flip3--0.4

    \[\leadsto \sin \varepsilon \cdot \cos x + \sqrt[3]{\left(\left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \sin x - \sin x\right) \cdot \left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \sin x - \sin x\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin x \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{3} - {1}^{3}}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos \varepsilon + \left(1 \cdot 1 + \cos \varepsilon \cdot 1\right)}}\right)}\]
  13. Final simplification0.4

    \[\leadsto \cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon + \sqrt[3]{\left(\sin x \cdot \frac{{\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{3} - 1}{\left(1 + \cos \varepsilon\right) + \cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\left(\sin x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x\right) \cdot \left(\sin x \cdot \cos \varepsilon - \sin x\right)\right)}\]

Runtime

Time bar (total: 1.0m)Debug logProfile

herbie shell --seed 2018248 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (x eps)
  :name "2sin (example 3.3)"

  :herbie-target
  (* 2 (* (cos (+ x (/ eps 2))) (sin (/ eps 2))))

  (- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x)))