Average Error: 36.9 → 0.6
Time: 1.6m
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 2368
\[\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x\]
\[(\left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x}\right)}\right) + \left(\frac{(\left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) + 1)_* \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x}\right)}\right))_* + \left(\frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x}\right)} - \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)\]

Error

Bits error versus x

Bits error versus eps

Target

Original36.9
Target15.1
Herbie0.6
\[\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}\]

Derivation

  1. Initial program 36.9

    \[\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x\]
  2. Using strategy rm
  3. Applied tan-sum21.6

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}} - \tan x\]
  4. Using strategy rm
  5. Applied tan-quot21.7

    \[\leadsto \frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}} \cdot \tan \varepsilon} - \tan x\]
  6. Applied associate-*l/21.7

    \[\leadsto \frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\sin x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}{\cos x}}} - \tan x\]
  7. Using strategy rm
  8. Applied add-sqr-sqrt43.0

    \[\leadsto \frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}{\cos x}} - \color{blue}{\sqrt{\tan x} \cdot \sqrt{\tan x}}\]
  9. Applied flip--43.0

    \[\leadsto \frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{\color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot 1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}{\cos x}}{1 + \frac{\sin x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}{\cos x}}}} - \sqrt{\tan x} \cdot \sqrt{\tan x}\]
  10. Applied associate-/r/43.0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 \cdot 1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}{\cos x}} \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\sin x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}{\cos x}\right)} - \sqrt{\tan x} \cdot \sqrt{\tan x}\]
  11. Applied prod-diff43.0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{(\left(\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 \cdot 1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}{\cos x}}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\sin x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}{\cos x}\right) + \left(-\sqrt{\tan x} \cdot \sqrt{\tan x}\right))_* + (\left(-\sqrt{\tan x}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\tan x}\right) + \left(\sqrt{\tan x} \cdot \sqrt{\tan x}\right))_*}\]
  12. Simplified43.0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{(\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\tan \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \sin x\right) + \left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon\right))_*}{(\left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \left(-\tan \varepsilon\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\tan \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \sin x\right) + 1)_*} - \tan x\right)} + (\left(-\sqrt{\tan x}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\tan x}\right) + \left(\sqrt{\tan x} \cdot \sqrt{\tan x}\right))_*\]
  13. Simplified21.7

    \[\leadsto \left(\frac{(\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\tan \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \sin x\right) + \left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon\right))_*}{(\left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \left(-\tan \varepsilon\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\tan \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \sin x\right) + 1)_*} - \tan x\right) + \color{blue}{0}\]
  14. Taylor expanded around -inf 21.8

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^{2}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{2}}\right)} + \left(\frac{\sin x \cdot {\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^{2}}{\cos x \cdot \left({\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^{2}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{2} \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^{2}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)} + \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^{2}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right)\right) - \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)} + 0\]
  15. Simplified0.6

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left((\left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x}\right)}\right) + \left(\frac{(\left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) + 1)_* \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x}\right)}\right))_* + \left(\frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x}\right)} - \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)\right)} + 0\]
  16. Final simplification0.6

    \[\leadsto (\left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x}\right)}\right) + \left(\frac{(\left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) + 1)_* \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x}\right)}\right))_* + \left(\frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x}\right)} - \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)\]

Runtime

Time bar (total: 1.6m)Debug logProfile

herbie shell --seed 2018248 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (x eps)
  :name "2tan (problem 3.3.2)"

  :herbie-target
  (/ (sin eps) (* (cos x) (cos (+ x eps))))

  (- (tan (+ x eps)) (tan x)))