Average Error: 36.9 → 0.6
Time: 1.7m
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 2368
\[\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x\]
\[(\left((\left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) + 1)_*\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)}\right) + \left(\frac{\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)}\right))_* + \left(\frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)} - \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)\]

Error

Bits error versus x

Bits error versus eps

Target

Original36.9
Target14.8
Herbie0.6
\[\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}\]

Derivation

  1. Initial program 36.9

    \[\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x\]
  2. Using strategy rm
  3. Applied tan-sum22.1

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}} - \tan x\]
  4. Using strategy rm
  5. Applied add-cube-cbrt22.6

    \[\leadsto \frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon} - \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt[3]{\tan x} \cdot \sqrt[3]{\tan x}\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{\tan x}}\]
  6. Applied flip--22.6

    \[\leadsto \frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{\color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot 1 - \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}}} - \left(\sqrt[3]{\tan x} \cdot \sqrt[3]{\tan x}\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{\tan x}\]
  7. Applied associate-/r/22.6

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 \cdot 1 - \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)} \cdot \left(1 + \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)} - \left(\sqrt[3]{\tan x} \cdot \sqrt[3]{\tan x}\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{\tan x}\]
  8. Applied prod-diff22.7

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{(\left(\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 \cdot 1 - \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) + \left(-\sqrt[3]{\tan x} \cdot \left(\sqrt[3]{\tan x} \cdot \sqrt[3]{\tan x}\right)\right))_* + (\left(-\sqrt[3]{\tan x}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt[3]{\tan x} \cdot \sqrt[3]{\tan x}\right) + \left(\sqrt[3]{\tan x} \cdot \left(\sqrt[3]{\tan x} \cdot \sqrt[3]{\tan x}\right)\right))_*}\]
  9. Simplified22.5

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{(\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) + \left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon\right))_*}{1 - \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)} - \tan x\right)} + (\left(-\sqrt[3]{\tan x}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt[3]{\tan x} \cdot \sqrt[3]{\tan x}\right) + \left(\sqrt[3]{\tan x} \cdot \left(\sqrt[3]{\tan x} \cdot \sqrt[3]{\tan x}\right)\right))_*\]
  10. Simplified22.1

    \[\leadsto \left(\frac{(\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) + \left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon\right))_*}{1 - \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)} - \tan x\right) + \color{blue}{0}\]
  11. Taylor expanded around inf 22.2

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^{2}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{2}}\right)} + \left(\frac{\sin x \cdot {\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^{2}}{\cos x \cdot \left({\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^{2}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{2} \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(\cos \varepsilon \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^{2}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)} + \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{\left(\sin x\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^{2}}{{\left(\cos x\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right)\right) - \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)} + 0\]
  12. Simplified0.6

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left((\left((\left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) + 1)_*\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)}\right) + \left(\frac{\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)}\right))_* + \left(\frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)} - \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)\right)} + 0\]
  13. Final simplification0.6

    \[\leadsto (\left((\left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) + 1)_*\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)}\right) + \left(\frac{\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)}\right))_* + \left(\frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)} - \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)\]

Runtime

Time bar (total: 1.7m)Debug logProfile

herbie shell --seed 2018220 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (x eps)
  :name "2tan (problem 3.3.2)"

  :herbie-target
  (/ (sin eps) (* (cos x) (cos (+ x eps))))

  (- (tan (+ x eps)) (tan x)))