Average Error: 36.9 → 0.4
Time: 25.1s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 2368
\[\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(\cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon - \sin x\right) + \cos \varepsilon \cdot \sin x \le -3.993744481099311 \cdot 10^{-08}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon + \cos \varepsilon \cdot \sin x\right) - \sin x\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\left(\cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon - \sin x\right) + \cos \varepsilon \cdot \sin x \le 5.793650963750431 \cdot 10^{-11}:\\ \;\;\;\;2 \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\varepsilon + \left(x + x\right)}{2}\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon - \sin x\right) + \cos \varepsilon \cdot \sin x\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus x

Bits error versus eps

Try it out

Your Program's Arguments

Results

Enter valid numbers for all inputs

Target

Original36.9
Target15.3
Herbie0.4
\[2 \cdot \left(\cos \left(x + \frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)\]

Derivation

  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if (+ (* (sin x) (cos eps)) (- (* (cos x) (sin eps)) (sin x))) < -3.993744481099311e-08

    1. Initial program 30.2

      \[\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied sin-sum0.5

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sin x \cdot \cos \varepsilon + \cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)} - \sin x\]

    if -3.993744481099311e-08 < (+ (* (sin x) (cos eps)) (- (* (cos x) (sin eps)) (sin x))) < 5.793650963750431e-11

    1. Initial program 44.7

      \[\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied diff-sin44.7

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\left(x + \varepsilon\right) + x}{2}\right)\right)}\]
    4. Simplified0.3

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\frac{\left(x + x\right) + \varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)}\]

    if 5.793650963750431e-11 < (+ (* (sin x) (cos eps)) (- (* (cos x) (sin eps)) (sin x)))

    1. Initial program 29.4

      \[\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied sin-sum0.6

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sin x \cdot \cos \varepsilon + \cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon\right)} - \sin x\]
    4. Applied associate--l+0.6

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin x \cdot \cos \varepsilon + \left(\cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon - \sin x\right)}\]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification0.4

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(\cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon - \sin x\right) + \cos \varepsilon \cdot \sin x \le -3.993744481099311 \cdot 10^{-08}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon + \cos \varepsilon \cdot \sin x\right) - \sin x\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\left(\cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon - \sin x\right) + \cos \varepsilon \cdot \sin x \le 5.793650963750431 \cdot 10^{-11}:\\ \;\;\;\;2 \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\varepsilon + \left(x + x\right)}{2}\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon - \sin x\right) + \cos \varepsilon \cdot \sin x\\ \end{array}\]

Runtime

Time bar (total: 25.1s)Debug logProfile

herbie shell --seed 2018217 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (x eps)
  :name "2sin (example 3.3)"

  :herbie-target
  (* 2 (* (cos (+ x (/ eps 2))) (sin (/ eps 2))))

  (- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x)))