Average Error: 36.9 → 0.6
Time: 3.0m
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 2368
\[\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x\]
\[(\left(\frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) + \left(\frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}\right))_* + \left((\left(\frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{\frac{\cos \varepsilon}{\sin \varepsilon}} \cdot \frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{\frac{\cos \varepsilon}{\sin \varepsilon}}}\right) \cdot \left((\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) + 1)_*\right) + \left(-\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right))_* + 0\right)\]

Error

Bits error versus x

Bits error versus eps

Target

Original36.9
Target15.3
Herbie0.6
\[\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}\]

Derivation

  1. Initial program 36.9

    \[\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x\]
  2. Using strategy rm
  3. Applied tan-sum21.5

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}} - \tan x\]
  4. Using strategy rm
  5. Applied add-cube-cbrt22.0

    \[\leadsto \frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon} - \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt[3]{\tan x} \cdot \sqrt[3]{\tan x}\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{\tan x}}\]
  6. Applied flip--22.0

    \[\leadsto \frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{\color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot 1 - \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}}} - \left(\sqrt[3]{\tan x} \cdot \sqrt[3]{\tan x}\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{\tan x}\]
  7. Applied associate-/r/22.0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 \cdot 1 - \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)} \cdot \left(1 + \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)} - \left(\sqrt[3]{\tan x} \cdot \sqrt[3]{\tan x}\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{\tan x}\]
  8. Applied prod-diff22.1

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{(\left(\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 \cdot 1 - \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) + \left(-\sqrt[3]{\tan x} \cdot \left(\sqrt[3]{\tan x} \cdot \sqrt[3]{\tan x}\right)\right))_* + (\left(-\sqrt[3]{\tan x}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt[3]{\tan x} \cdot \sqrt[3]{\tan x}\right) + \left(\sqrt[3]{\tan x} \cdot \left(\sqrt[3]{\tan x} \cdot \sqrt[3]{\tan x}\right)\right))_*}\]
  9. Applied simplify21.9

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{(\left(\tan \varepsilon \cdot \tan x\right) \cdot \left(\tan \varepsilon + \tan x\right) + \left(\tan \varepsilon + \tan x\right))_*}{1 - \left(\tan \varepsilon \cdot \tan x\right) \cdot \left(\tan \varepsilon \cdot \tan x\right)} - \tan x\right)} + (\left(-\sqrt[3]{\tan x}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt[3]{\tan x} \cdot \sqrt[3]{\tan x}\right) + \left(\sqrt[3]{\tan x} \cdot \left(\sqrt[3]{\tan x} \cdot \sqrt[3]{\tan x}\right)\right))_*\]
  10. Applied simplify21.5

    \[\leadsto \left(\frac{(\left(\tan \varepsilon \cdot \tan x\right) \cdot \left(\tan \varepsilon + \tan x\right) + \left(\tan \varepsilon + \tan x\right))_*}{1 - \left(\tan \varepsilon \cdot \tan x\right) \cdot \left(\tan \varepsilon \cdot \tan x\right)} - \tan x\right) + \color{blue}{0}\]
  11. Taylor expanded around inf 21.7

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon \cdot {\left(\sin x\right)}^{2}}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \left({\left(\cos x\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sin x\right)}^{2}}{{\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\cos x\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sin x\right)}^{2}}{{\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\cos x\right)}^{2}}\right)} + \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sin x\right)}^{2}}{{\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\cos x\right)}^{2}}\right)} + \frac{{\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^{2} \cdot \sin x}{{\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(\cos x \cdot \left(1 - \frac{{\left(\sin \varepsilon\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sin x\right)}^{2}}{{\left(\cos \varepsilon\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\cos x\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right) - \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)} + 0\]
  12. Applied simplify0.6

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{(\left(\frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) + \left(\frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}\right))_* + \left(\frac{(\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) + 1)_* \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)} - \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)}\]
  13. Using strategy rm
  14. Applied *-un-lft-identity0.6

    \[\leadsto (\left(\frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) + \left(\frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}\right))_* + \left(\frac{(\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) + 1)_* \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)} - \frac{\sin x}{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \cos x}}\right)\]
  15. Applied *-un-lft-identity0.6

    \[\leadsto (\left(\frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) + \left(\frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}\right))_* + \left(\frac{(\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) + 1)_* \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)} - \frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \sin x}}{1 \cdot \cos x}\right)\]
  16. Applied times-frac0.6

    \[\leadsto (\left(\frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) + \left(\frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}\right))_* + \left(\frac{(\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) + 1)_* \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)} - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}\right)\]
  17. Applied *-un-lft-identity0.6

    \[\leadsto (\left(\frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) + \left(\frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}\right))_* + \left(\frac{(\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) + 1)_* \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)\right)}} - \frac{1}{1} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)\]
  18. Applied times-frac0.6

    \[\leadsto (\left(\frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) + \left(\frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}\right))_* + \left(\color{blue}{\frac{(\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) + 1)_*}{1} \cdot \frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}} - \frac{1}{1} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)\]
  19. Applied prod-diff0.6

    \[\leadsto (\left(\frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) + \left(\frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}\right))_* + \color{blue}{\left((\left(\frac{(\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) + 1)_*}{1}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}\right) + \left(-\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{1}{1}\right))_* + (\left(-\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1}\right) + \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{1}{1}\right))_*\right)}\]
  20. Applied simplify0.6

    \[\leadsto (\left(\frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) + \left(\frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}\right))_* + \left(\color{blue}{(\left(\frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{\frac{\cos \varepsilon}{\sin \varepsilon}} \cdot \frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{\frac{\cos \varepsilon}{\sin \varepsilon}}}\right) \cdot \left((\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) + 1)_*\right) + \left(-\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right))_*} + (\left(-\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1}\right) + \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{1}{1}\right))_*\right)\]
  21. Applied simplify0.6

    \[\leadsto (\left(\frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) + \left(\frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right)}\right))_* + \left((\left(\frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{\frac{\cos \varepsilon}{\sin \varepsilon}} \cdot \frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{\frac{\cos \varepsilon}{\sin \varepsilon}}}\right) \cdot \left((\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\right) + 1)_*\right) + \left(-\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right))_* + \color{blue}{0}\right)\]

Runtime

Time bar (total: 3.0m)Debug logProfile

herbie shell --seed 2018199 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (x eps)
  :name "2tan (problem 3.3.2)"

  :herbie-target
  (/ (sin eps) (* (cos x) (cos (+ x eps))))

  (- (tan (+ x eps)) (tan x)))