Average Error: 25.7 → 19.0
Time: 3.4m
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 576
\[\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right)\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\ell \le -1.2318785471508454 \cdot 10^{-308}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(1 - \frac{h \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}}{2 \cdot \ell}\right) \cdot \left(e^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\log \left(\frac{-1}{h}\right) - \log \left(\frac{-1}{d}\right)\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;\ell \le 0.000286435265173452:\\ \;\;\;\;\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \left({d}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{1}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{h \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}}{2 \cdot \ell}\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;\ell \le 4.906078877365374 \cdot 10^{+250}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right) \cdot \left(\left({\left(\frac{1}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {d}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \left({d}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{1}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right)\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus d

Bits error versus h

Bits error versus l

Bits error versus M

Bits error versus D

Derivation

  1. Split input into 4 regimes
  2. if l < -1.2318785471508454e-308

    1. Initial program 25.9

      \[\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right)\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied associate-*l/25.9

      \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}}{2}} \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right)\]
    4. Applied frac-times24.8

      \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\left(1 \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot h}{2 \cdot \ell}}\right)\]
    5. Taylor expanded around -inf 22.0

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{e^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\log \left(\frac{-1}{h}\right) - \log \left(\frac{-1}{d}\right)\right)}} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\left(1 \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot h}{2 \cdot \ell}\right)\]

    if -1.2318785471508454e-308 < l < 0.000286435265173452

    1. Initial program 25.8

      \[\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right)\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied associate-*l/25.8

      \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}}{2}} \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right)\]
    4. Applied frac-times20.5

      \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\left(1 \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot h}{2 \cdot \ell}}\right)\]
    5. Using strategy rm
    6. Applied div-inv20.5

      \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(d \cdot \frac{1}{\ell}\right)}}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\left(1 \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot h}{2 \cdot \ell}\right)\]
    7. Applied unpow-prod-down11.7

      \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({d}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{1}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\left(1 \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot h}{2 \cdot \ell}\right)\]

    if 0.000286435265173452 < l < 4.906078877365374e+250

    1. Initial program 23.5

      \[\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right)\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied div-inv23.5

      \[\leadsto \left({\color{blue}{\left(d \cdot \frac{1}{h}\right)}}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right)\]
    4. Applied unpow-prod-down16.5

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left({d}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{1}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right)\]

    if 4.906078877365374e+250 < l

    1. Initial program 31.9

      \[\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right)\]
    2. Using strategy rm
    3. Applied div-inv31.9

      \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(d \cdot \frac{1}{\ell}\right)}}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right)\]
    4. Applied unpow-prod-down24.5

      \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({d}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{1}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right)\]
  3. Recombined 4 regimes into one program.
  4. Applied simplify19.0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\ell \le -1.2318785471508454 \cdot 10^{-308}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(1 - \frac{h \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}}{2 \cdot \ell}\right) \cdot \left(e^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\log \left(\frac{-1}{h}\right) - \log \left(\frac{-1}{d}\right)\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;\ell \le 0.000286435265173452:\\ \;\;\;\;\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \left({d}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{1}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{h \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}}{2 \cdot \ell}\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;\ell \le 4.906078877365374 \cdot 10^{+250}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right) \cdot \left(\left({\left(\frac{1}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {d}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \left({d}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{1}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right)\\ \end{array}}\]

Runtime

Time bar (total: 3.4m)Debug logProfile

herbie shell --seed '#(1072330854 3074818769 591214268 3603999196 3863745332 3332387116)' +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (d h l M D)
  :name "Henrywood and Agarwal, Equation (12)"
  (* (* (pow (/ d h) (/ 1 2)) (pow (/ d l) (/ 1 2))) (- 1 (* (* (/ 1 2) (pow (/ (* M D) (* 2 d)) 2)) (/ h l)))))