Average Error: 29.7 → 0.7
Time: 45.4s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 1344
\[e^{a \cdot x} - 1\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(\sqrt[3]{e^{a \cdot x} - 1} \cdot \sqrt[3]{e^{a \cdot x} - 1}\right) \cdot {\left(e^{a \cdot x} - 1\right)}^{\frac{1}{3}} \le 3.0060992524432116 \cdot 10^{+75}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(a \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot x\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x\right) \cdot \frac{1}{6} + \frac{1}{2}\right) + a \cdot x\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;e^{a \cdot x} - 1\\ \end{array}\]

Error

Bits error versus a

Bits error versus x

Target

Original29.7
Target0.2
Herbie0.7
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left|a \cdot x\right| \lt \frac{1}{10}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(a \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(\frac{a \cdot x}{2} + \frac{{\left(a \cdot x\right)}^{2}}{6}\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;e^{a \cdot x} - 1\\ \end{array}\]

Derivation

  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (* (* (cbrt (- (exp (* a x)) 1)) (cbrt (- (exp (* a x)) 1))) (pow (- (exp (* a x)) 1) 1/3)) < 3.0060992524432116e+75

    1. Initial program 44.8

      \[e^{a \cdot x} - 1\]
    2. Taylor expanded around 0 13.8

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{6} \cdot \left({a}^{3} \cdot {x}^{3}\right) + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) + a \cdot x\right)}\]
    3. Applied simplify0.4

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(a \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot x\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x\right) \cdot \frac{1}{6} + \frac{1}{2}\right) + a \cdot x}\]

    if 3.0060992524432116e+75 < (* (* (cbrt (- (exp (* a x)) 1)) (cbrt (- (exp (* a x)) 1))) (pow (- (exp (* a x)) 1) 1/3))

    1. Initial program 1.3

      \[e^{a \cdot x} - 1\]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

Runtime

Time bar (total: 45.4s)Debug logProfile

herbie shell --seed '#(1071948828 1180510430 2986424009 997076509 406109801 420189285)' 
(FPCore (a x)
  :name "expax (section 3.5)"

  :herbie-target
  (if (< (fabs (* a x)) 1/10) (* (* a x) (+ 1 (+ (/ (* a x) 2) (/ (pow (* a x) 2) 6)))) (- (exp (* a x)) 1))

  (- (exp (* a x)) 1))